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samples from Spitsbergen and later, in 1853, some from Assist-
ance Bay (73° 50 N. lat.)1. The limited number of arctic
species found by Ehrenberg was considerably increased by
0’Meara2, who published, in 1860, a list of diatoms,
gather-ed during the arctic expedition of the »Fox» under the
com-mand of Sir Leop. MClintock. OMeara enumerates not
less than 85 species, among which several are fresh-water
inhabitants and some doubtful, the limits of the species being
at that time in many cases others than admitted at present.
The Swedish expedition to Spitsbergen, in 1861, under the
direction of Torell, procured some material containing marine
diatoms, which were examined by myself3. Later I obtained
better materials, especially many very rich and interesting
gatherings from the surface of the northern Atlantic and Davis
Strait, collected during the Swedish expedition under
Nordenskiöld to Greenland in 1870. The result of the examination of
these materials, as well as many others from Spitsbergen,
obtained from the Riksmuseum of Stockholm, was published
in 1873 4. Afterwards Mr. O Meara published a catalogue of
species 5 collected by Mr. Eaton on the voyage of Mr.
Leigh-Smith. Mr. O Meara found several new species, which, liowever,
have been figured in sucli a manner, that the identification
may be impossible without original specimens for comparison.
During the Swedish expedition in 1875 and 1876 to the
Kara Sea and to Yenisei M. M. Kjellman, Lundström
and Stuxberg collected several samples containing diatoms,
which were of the greatest interest for the knowledge of the
diatoms in the Arctic Sea, east of Spitsbergen. Also has Mr.
Kjellman, during his exploration of the algre of the coasts
of Finmarken, collected most rich and interesting materials,
containing diatoms from the northern part of Norwa}r. All
these materials were examined by Mr. Grunow and myself6.
During the expedition of the Vega Mr. Kjellman collected
extremely rich and important materials on the ice-flakes near
Cape Wankarema. The species contained in these samples were
numerous and in a most astonishing or almost incredible a
manner variable, so that it was in manv cases scarcelv possible
1 nJ X
1 Monatsber. der Berl. Akad. 1841, page 206 and 1853, page 522.
2 Journ. Roy. Dublin Soc. 1860 July.
a Öfvers. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Förh. 1867, page 661.
* Bihang till K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handlingar, Vol. I, N:o 13.
5 Micr. Journ., Vol. XIV (NS) pag. 253.
6 K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XVII, N:o 2, 1880.
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