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In the year 1886, intrusted by Prof. S. Lovén with
examination of the great collection of sponges in the State
Museum at Stockholm, I found that many of the arctic
sponges in that collection were unknown. I was therefore
authorized by Prof. A. E. Nordenskiöld to describe the
forms of those that had been obtained during the Swedish
arctic expeditions.
With regard to the classification, I have followed Prof.
Oscar Schmidt as I did in my former treatise on sponges
from the west-coast of Sweden, and with regard to the regions,
I have, with a few exceptions, followed D:r C. Forsstrand*).
If we first examine the Calcispongice, we find that there are
but very few species representing this great group. No species
have been obtained in the Siberian Ocean, and only two in
the Beauforfs Sea. This fact may be owing to the imperfect
exploration of these seas. Nor have any Calcispongise been
gathered on the west-coast of Greenland. The other four are
from the European Arctic Sea and the Barenfs Sea, and one
of them, the Sycandrci utriculus, has also been found on the
limits of the two regions, the European Arctic Sea, on the
one side, and the Barent’s Sea, on the other. The Sycandra
arctica is the most common Calcispongia in the arctic seas.
Of Hexactinellidce two species have been found, which 1
have not been able to identify with any forms previously
known. Both these species were dredged up to the west of
the Kara Sea.
There were no specimens of Lithisticlce captured during
these expeditions. It is possible that no Lithisticlse are to be
found in the most northerly parts of the arctic seas.
The fourth group, the Halisarcince, is represented by a
single species.
Of the fifth group I could hardly expect to find any species,
since this group, with few exceptions, belongs to more Southern
*) Det arktiska hafsområdets djurgeograliska begränsning med ledning
af skalkräftornas (crustncea malacostraca) utbredning, Upsala 1880.
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