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Some remarks upon the geographical distribution
of vegetation in the colder Southern Hemisphere.
By Carl Skottsberg.
Botanist of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901—1903.
With 2 maps, tabl. 8 and 9.
When J. D Hooker published the splendid results of his
botanical investigations during the Ross Expedition, he pointed out
in several passages that he had found a strong relationship between
the different lands round the south pole. So, for instance, he
writes (28, p. 209 l): »What we may term the Antarctic regions (Lord
Auckland’s and Campbell’s Islands excepted), viz. Fuegia and some
parts of the southwest coast of Patagonia, the Falkland Islands,
Palmer’s Land and the adjoining groups of islands, as South
Shetlands, South Georgia, etc., and (proceeding eastward) Tristan d’Acunha
and Kerguelen’s Land.» And some lines further on we read, that
he calls these lands one great botanical region. As a result the
term antarctic vegetation, Flora antarctica, entered into the botanical
language. It was a great kingdom that Hooker called »the antarctic
kingdom», extending from 37-50° S. Lat. to the south pole,
including both the rainy forests of South Chili and the icy shores of
the farthest south. Before explaining what I myself regard as true
antarctic vegetation, I think it might be of use to take a brief glance
at the way in which different authors have used the term.
In 1853-55 Hooker again explains what he understands by
antarctic vegetation (29, p. xxxiii, footnote): »Fuegia, Falklands,
Tristan d’Acunha, St. Paul’s, Amsterdam, Kerguelen, Lord
Auckland’s, Campbell’s and other islands south and east of New Zealand.»
He does not count any part of New Zealand as belonging to the
1 See Bibliography, p. 426.
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