Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - Some remarks upon the geographical distribution of vegetation in the colder Southern Hemisphere. By Carl Skottsberg. Botanist of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901—1903. With 2 maps, tabl. 8 and 9.
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DISTRIBUTION OF VEGETATION IN THE COLDER SOUTH HEMISPHERE. 403
region of the antarctic flora, but has remarked before (28) how
closely the Auckland’s and Campbell’s Islands are related to New
Zealand. In 1860 Hooker writes (30, p. xc.): »Premising that the
so called antarctic vegetation is that of the islands south of New
Zealand, West Chili south of Cape Très Montes, the Falklands
and other islands south of them, Tristan d’Acunha and Kerguelen’s
Land, etc.» Now he makes an attempt to fix a limit for antarctic
South America, viz. Cape Tres Montes, 47° S. Lat.
De Candolle’s climatological classification of vegetation (7, p.
1190-1233) is very noteworthy from our point of view. The following
zones are used: »Régions polaires arctiques (6i-90°); Régions
tempérées de l’hémisphère boréal (60°-tropique); Régions
intertropicales; Hémisphère austral extratropical jusqu’au 60° lat.; Régions
polaires antarctiques au delà de 60 degrés de latitude.» And under
this fifth region only one locality is described, Cockburn Island by
Graham’s Land, visited by Hooker. Subsequently all the rest of
what had been called antarctic is brought by De Candolle into the
temperate zone, in its right place, in opposition to other authors.
All the lands, of which we have spoken hitherto, and many
more, belong to the great »Altoceanische Florenreich», palæooceanic
realm, a term suggested by Engler (17, p. 347). It is composed
of the following subdivisions: A. Antarktisches Waldgebiet
Südamerikas; B. Neuseeländisches Gebiet; C. Australisches Gebiet;
D. Gebiet der Kerguelen; E. Gebiet der Amsterdaminseln; F. Gebiet
des Caplandes; G. Gebiet von Tristan d’Acunha; H. Gebiet von
St. Helena. Consequently, Engler has used the term antarctic quite
locally, only to signify a part of South America; the reasons he
found for such a course are dealt with on p. 262. Furthermore,
it is obvious that Patagonia and the Falkland Islands are omitted;
they belong to »Andines Gebiet» of the »Südamerikanische
Florenreich». For the Falklands to be coupled with Patagonia was
not justifiable, but it was still more unjust that they should be placed
in the South American realm, to which they do not belong.
Grisebach (24, p. 455 etc.) treats the matter in the following
way: he proposes i)»Antarktisches Waldgebiet», South America from
34° to 56° S. Lat., 2)»Oceanische Inseln». This last group includes,
of course, many islands having nothing more in common than their
being islands ; this classification certainly cannot claim to be regarded
as phytogeographical. On p. 455 Grisebach emphasizes that
»antarctic» does not correspond to »arctic», the flora of austral South
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