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Order: Ostracoda.
For synonym y, see G. W. Müller, 1912, p. 1.
Diagnosis and description: — Cf. G. W. MÜLLER, 1912, pp. 1—4.
Historical: — C. VON LINNÉ was the first to denominate scientifically a form belonging
to this group of animais, and although still earlier investigators, even the Nestors of microscopy,
SWAMMERDAM and LEEUWENHOEK, had already been occupied to some extent with the studv
of Entomostraca — and in this could of course scarcely avoid coming across some species belonging
to the group in question — yet this master of science was, at least if we are to judge from
the results to be seen in the literature, the first to make an attempt, even though a groping
one, at a doser investigation and description of an O s t r a c o d. — O. F. Müller states
in 1772 that H. BAKER in his work „Microscope made easy“, 1743, had alreadv
mentioned an Ostracod; this statement is, however, due to a mistake.
In his ,,F auna Suecic a“, 1746, LINNÉ gives on p. 344 a species called: „Monoculus
antennis capillaceis multiplicibus, testa bivalviu, with, one must admit, a very superficial
description, and this form, certainly a Cypri d, occurs again in the author’s „Systema
Natura e“, lOth ed. 1758, p. 635 and in ,,F auna Suecic a“ of 1761, p. 498, under the
name of Monoculus conchaceus. In ,,S y s t e m a Natur a e“, 1758, are also given two other
Ostracod species; these also presumably Cyprids, Monoculus lenticularis and M. telemus,
which are also only superficially described.
Even in the later part of the 18th Century we corne across a number of works which
mention, among other things, forms belonging to Ostracoda; examples are H. Baker, 1753.
L. Joblot, 1754, M. F. Ledermüller, 1760, G. de Riyille, 1760, N. Poda, 1761, É. L.
Geoffroy, 1762, O. F. Müller, 1772. 1776, 1785, C. de Geer, 1778, J. F. Gmelin, 1788,
and B. E. Mani EL, 1792. — Most of these comparatively numerous works, however, did little
ro nothing to increase the knowledge of this group of animais. Only G. F. MüLLER’s two last
works, especiallv „Entomostraca seu Insecta T e s t a c e a“, 1785, an extensive
work for his time, indicate a real step forward. In the last-named work MÜLLER gave two
genera, Cypris and Cythere, the former with eleven species living in fresh water, the latter with
five marine species. By this classification the foundation may be said to be laid for the great
Linné.
A uthors of the hier
part of the lSlh
centunj.
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