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- t uthors of the earliei
part of the lOth
Century,
l Oslracoda the right
nome for this group?
and certainly quite natural families Cypridae and Cytheridae. — G. de Riville’s work, a small
article entitled „M émoire sur la mer lu mineus e“ is noteworthy because in it
are to be found the first account and — for his time comparatively good — figures of a species
belonging to the sub-order Cypridiniformes. The author, however, gives no name to the form
investigated by him, nor does he try to classify it; he merely points out that it seems to him
„ressembler .... des Puces d’eau“; his work does not seem to have given much stimulus
to new investigations; on the contrary it seems until recently to have been forgotten.
During the earlier part of the 19th Century, a rather great number of writers devoted
themselves to some extent to the study of the Ostracods, but they too obtained
comparatively insignificant results. As examples may be mentioned such works as those of L. A. G. BOSC,
1802, K. A. RamDOHR, 1805, 1808, L. JüRINE, 1820, H. E. STRAUS, 1821, A. G. DESMAREST,
1825, P. A. Latreille, 1829, C. M. A. Koch, 1837, H. Milne Edwards, 1840, A. Philippi,
1840, and G. ZADDACH, 1844. — Although most of the Works during this period were purely
classificatory, devoted principally to describing species, yet as far as the natural classification
of the Ostracod group is concerned, scarcely any results were obtained beyond those arrived
at in O. F. Müller’s work 1785. — H. Milne Edwards’ and A. Philippi’s above-mentioned
works are, however, noteworthy because in them were for the first time scientifically denominated
and classified forms belonging to the sub-order Cypridinif ormes-, in the former of these two
works the genus Cypridina was established, in the latter the genus Asterope; the descriptions
of these genera were, however, exceedingly incomplete and, in addition, contained serious errors,
so that our knowledge of the forms belonging to them was but slightly increased. L. Jurine’s
,,H i s t o i r e des Monocle s“, 1820, may be said to be the most important of these works,
at least as far as comprehensiveness is concerned. In it are described no less than 18 fresh-water
G y p r i d s, and in addition it contains rather important Statements about the oecology
of these forms, especially about the conditions under which they propagate. With regard to
the acuteness of both morphological and oecological observations, however, H. E. Straus seems
to be quite as capable as or even somewhat superior to the last-mentioned investigator. The
value of this author’s above-mentioned work „Mémoire sur les Cypris“, 1821, is
also increased by the fact that it was in it that the Ostracods were first separated from
the other Entomostraca as an independent group.
About this STRAUS writes as follows 1. c. pp. 33, 34: „Les deux valves qui recouvrent
le corps des cypris avoient fait illusion aux naturalistes, qui trouvant des parties semblables
chez les d a p h n i a, les 1 y n c e u s, etc., ont réuni ces divers genres dans une même famille,
quoique la différence de leur organisation soit très-considérable; je crois cette différence assez
grande, non-seulement pour considérer les c y p r i s comme appartenant à une famille distincte
de celle que j’ai établie sous le nom de D a p h n i d e s, mais même pour devoir former un
ordre nouveau dans lecpiel je place encore les cythere.“ On p. 58 in this work the name
„O s t r a p o d e s“ is proposed for the new group.
In passing we may discuss a problem of nomenclature which is rather important. W e
s e e that Ostrapoda is the name first given to this group. Ought
i t to be k e p t?
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