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a doser study of the morphology of these animais and the main features of this became rather
well known comparatively soon.
At first rather serious mistakes were made in interpreting the limbs, the organs which. r1"’
after the shell, quite naturally aroused the greatest attention; this is, of course not so surprising
when one remembers the frequently peculiar type of these organs, how closelv together they
are situated and the small size of the forms investigated.
Thus H. MlLNE Edwards in his work of 1840 denotes these organs as follows: „antenne
supérieure pediforme“ (— first antenna), „patte natatoire“ (— second antenna), „antenne
inférieure“ (= mandible), „mandibule“ (this organ is interpreted by C. CLAUS, 1873, p. 214 as
„einen paarigen Seitenfortsatz der < )berlippe“; it seems to me impossible to decide with certain ty
whether this assumption is correct or whether the organ described by Miene Edw ards may
possibly be the maxilla), „mâchoire de la première paire“ (= fifth limb), „mâchoirede la deuxième
paire“ (presumably the sixth limb; it seems to me rather improbable that it should be the
maxilla; if it were so the sixth limb, which is rather conspicuous, would not have been observed
at all) and „patte ovifère“ (= seventh limb). The descriptions and drawings of these organs
are extremely incomplete and uncertain. This author writes on p. 410: „Les deux paires
d’antennes .... constituent des rames natatoires . . .“ — In W. BAlRD’s work of 1847
we find the following interpretation: „anterior antenna“ (= the mandible), „natatory foot“
(= the second antenna), „second pair of antennae“ (= the maxilla), „the mandible I did not
succeed in seeing“, „-first pair of jaws“ ( the fifth limb), the sixth limb is not mentioned, the
„oviferous foot“ (– the seventh limb). Compared with this interpretation the one we find
in the same author’s work of 1850 a may be considered as an advance, even though
a small one: „first pair of antennae“ ( first antenna), „second pair of antennae“ (
mandible), „natatory foot“ (= second antenna), „the mandible is a Hat plate armed at its extremity
with three or four sharp teeth“, p. 177, (it is difficult to decide which limb or part of a
limb is referred to; it may possibly be a part of the fifth limb), „the first pair of jaws is
composed of a large body with three or four appendages, like fingers, armed with stout cilia,
and having attached to each a large branchial plate“, p. 177 (here too it is difficult to decide
which parts are referred to, possibly the sixth limb with the vibratory plate of the fifth; it
seems improbable that it should be merely parts of the fifth limb that are referred to, one reason
among others being that it is eertainly a species belonging to the genus Philo meden that has
formed the basis for these statements), „second pair of jaws“ ( maxilla), and „oviferous foot’
(seventh limb) — S. FISCHER may be said to have been stili more un fortuna te in his work of 1855:
„erste Antenne“ (-= first antenna), „zweite Antenne“ ( mandible), „Mandibel“ ( the fifth
limb or the masticatory part of the fifth limb + the sixth limb), „Maxille“ ( maxilla),
„hinter ihm“ (maxilla) „liegt die ziemlich große und starke Kieme“ (either the vibratory plate
of the fifth limb or the sixth limb) „und unmittelbar unter derselben zwei nach rückwärts
gerichtete, mit starken befiederten Borsten versehene Palpen“ ( the seventh limb?). This
writer is especially unfortunate in the interpretation of the second antenna; the exopodite
of this limb is interpreted as the „erste Fuß“, its endopodite as „zweiter Fuß“. Fischer also
surpassas the two first-named writers in the incompleteness and uncertu inty of the descriptions
interpretation oj
the limb s
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