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and reproductions of the limbs. — W. LILJEBORG, 1853, who in the interpretation of the limbs
of these forms takes the same standpoint as H. MlLNE Edwards, except that he interprets
the maxilla correctly — this pair of appendages is called the first pair of maxillae, the fifth
and sixth pairs of limbs the second and third pairs of maxillae — is a good deal superior to his
contempora ries in accuracy and acuteness in observing details and in the clearness of his
descriptions as well as in the elegance of his drawings. — It may be pointed out as a curions
faet that 0. COSTA in 1845 explained the exopodite of the second antennae as branchiae, an
assumption that was decidedly rejected by E. G HUBE already in his work of 1859, p. 326.
As early as 1852, thus before the above-mentioned works of S. FISCHER and W. Liljeb.ORG,
J. D. Dana, however, gave the first correct interpretation of the limbs of this group, and his
view soon found general acceptance*.
With regard to the differences in opinion that have appeared in literature as to the
terms for the various limbs and with regard to the various opinions that have been put forward
as to the interpretation of the different parts of the limbs I merely refer in this connection
to what has been stated above in the chapter on terminology and the morphology of
the limbs.
The other organs. In 1838 H. MlLNE EDWARDS verified the existence of the lateral eyes and correctly
described the structure of the furca. In a work of 1840 the same author found that the mouth
was provided with an ujjper lip. W. LlLJEBORG finds (1853) the median eye and the
rodshaped organ** and surmises that the latter is a sensory organ; he writes about this 1. c. p. 175:
..Midt emellan ögonen sitter en lång, utåt afsmalnande papill, som framskjuter mellan de
öfre antennerna. Vid basen är den uppsvälld, med en uppstående utvidgning, som innesluter
ett ämne, som mycket liknar ögats pigment. Möjligen torde denna papill vara ett
känselorgan“***. This discovery seems to have been quite overlooked by most of the succeeding
writers. In 1864 F. Müller stated (p. 72) that Cypridina, contrary to Cypris and Cythere,
had a heart. — In passing it may be pointed out that G. W. MULLER, 1894, p. 169 writes that
(’. CLAUS was the first to observe this organ. It is certainly true that in his work of 1865, p. 143,
C. Claus says that he had discovered this organ quite independently of other investigators,
but when he published the work in question he had already (cf. p. 145) seen the above-mentioned
publication of F. Müller.
The year after this work by F. MÜLLER tliere appeared almost simultaneously two very
important treatises, first C. Claus’s „Ueber die Organisation der
Cypridi n e n“ and shortly afterwards G. 0. Sars’s „Oversigt af Norges marine
Ostrac o d e r“. In both these works clear and also rather detailed descriptions were given
of both the exterior and interior morphology of these animais, which may be said to have
become fairly well known through these works.
5 On pi. 90 in Hk- work mentioned the fifth and sixth limbs ure placed by inislake in the wrong order.
"" The rod-shaped organ in the H a lo c y p r i d s was discovered one year earlier by J. D. L>an.\.
*** Translation: Between the eyes tliere is a long papilla growing narrower distally, which projects between the
upper antennae. It is smaller at its base and has liere an upward directed hump containing a material that is very
like the pigment of the eye. This papilla may possible be a tactile organ.“
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