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Footnotes 1187
and Social Psychology (January-March, 1937), pp. 384-397. For a summary of other
such studies, see Horowitz, of. cit.^ pp. 123-148.
® Such studies should not only break the rank order into finer distinctions, but also
develop a measure of the distance between the ranks in the order. It would, further,
be desirable to ascertain individual diflferences in the apprehension of this rank order,
and to relate these differences to age, sex, social class, educational level and region.
This goes far back. Frederick Douglass nearly endangered his position among
Negroes by marrying a white woman. About Douglass, Kelly Miller observed: . . he
has a hold upon the affection of his race, not on account of his second marriage but in
spite of it. He seriously affected his standing with his people by that marriage.” (Kelly
Miller, Race Adjustment—Essays on the Negro in America [1908], p. 50.) And
W. E. B. Du Bois tells us in his autobiography: “I resented the assumption that we
desired it [racial amalgamation]. I frankly refused the possibility while in Germany
and even in America gave up courtship with one ‘colored’ girl because she looked quite
white, and I should resent the inference on the street that I had married outside my
race.” {Dusk of Dawn [1940], p. lOi.) See also Chapter 30, Section 2.
Of. cit.y p. 241.
Ibid., p. 239.
An exception, which by its uniqueness, and by the angry reception it received
from the Negroes, rather proves our thesis, is the remarkable book by William H.
’Fhonias, The American Negro (1901). The fact that Negroes privately often enjoy
indulging in derogatory statements about Negroes in general is not overlooked. It is,
liowever, a suppression phenomenon of quite another order. See Chapter 36, Section 2.
“The rape which your gentlemen have done against helpless black women in
defiance of your own laws is written on the foreheads of two millions of mulattoes, and
written in ineffaceable blood.” (W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk [1924;
first edition, I903],p. 106.)
Of. cit.y pp. 208-209.
Race Adjustment, p. 48.
Out of the House of Bondage (1914), p. 45.
Of. cit., p. 241.
Editorial, The Crisis (January, 1920), p. 106.
Uf from Slavery (1915; first edition, 1900), pp. 221-222.
“The South, after the war, presented the greatest opportunity for a real national
labor movement which the nation ever saw or is likely to see for many decades.” {Black
Reconstruction [1935]? p. 353 fassim.)
Chapter 4. Racial Beliefs
^ See, for example: John H. Russell, The Free Negro in Virginia, i6jg^i865
(1913); J. C. Ballagh, A History of Slavery in Virginia (1902); John C. Hurd, The
Law of Freedom and Bondage in the United States (1858-1862).
^A weak variation of this popular theory—^weak because it looked forward only to
temporary subordination of backward peoples—^was that in making the Negroes slaves,
white men were educating and Christianizing them. This variation is known as the
“white man’s burden” doctrine and played an especially important role in nineteenth
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