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Footnotes 1291
regard to the condition of other parts of the house, such as exterior walls, roofs, floors
and so on. In regard to almost every equipment item, for which data are available,
conditions were worse in the South than they were in other regions. This was true even
in regard to such conveniences and necessities as are particularly needed in the Southern
climate. Only a minority of the farm families in the country have bathrooms in their
homes, but in the South bathrooms were scarcer than they were anywhere else. From
one-third to one-half of the Southern farm houses were without screens in 1934.,
whereas the corresponding proportions for other regions varied between 4 and 14 per
cent. One-fourth of the farm houses in the country were equipped with ice boxes or
other refrigeration; in New England two-thirds of the farm houses had refrigeration
of some kind. But in the South the proportion was below the national average. (Sterner
and Associates, of» cit,^ p. 168.)
Ibid,
y
pp. 1 72-1 73.
The average number of occupants per farm house ranged in the South from 4.6 in
the West South Central division to 5.2 in the South Atlantic division. In Northern
states east of the Mississippi it was about 4.4. The number of rooms per house ranged
in the South from 4.2 in the West South Central area to 5.2 in the South Atlantic area,
whereas the average for the four Northeastern divisions ranged from 6.0 to 8.9. (lbid,y
P- I
77-)
The Consumer Purchases Study, based on a sample which omits the poorest
families, gives proportions of crowded large families, in farm areas of the South, as
shown in the following tabic;
Laroe Families Livino in Homes With More Than 1.5 Persons Per Room as a Percentage
OF All Large Farm Families, by Color and Tenure: In 1935-1936
Area
Owners and Tenants
Except Croppers
Croppers
«
Negro White Negro White
North Carolina and South Carolina 59.4 27.1 63.6 46.4
Georgia and Mississippi 68,3 35-0 60.4 45.7
Source: Richard Sterner and Associates, The Negro*s Share (X943)t P* x8o. Data based on U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Home Boonomics, Consumer Purchases Study, Urban, Village, and Farm Series,
Family Housing and Facilities, Five Regions, Miscellaneous Publication No. 399 (X940}, Table 36. Con-
cerning the definition of large family, see footnote (a) of Table 3 in this chapter.
Sterner and Associates, of, cit,, pp. 18 1 and 179.
One-third of the dwelling units in the urban Southeast (including the South
Atlantic states, the East South Central states and Louisiana) and one-fourth of those
in the Southwest were without any private indoor flush toilets in 1934-1936, whereas
the corresponding proportion for the country as a whole was 1 5 per cent. There were
similar diflferences in regard to other equipment items. Almost one-fourth of the
dwelling units in the Southeast and close to one-fifth of those in the Southwest were
chmeterized as either in need of major repairs or unfit for use. The national figure
—
excluding New Yorl’City|’-^^ l6 jpMdi^ was one of
four rooms in the South; in other regions it wm on6
“doubled-up” families and of crowded households was higher in the South
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