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240 NOTES
from 1843 on in meetings of university students. In 1848 there was
warm sympathy in both Sweden and Norway with the cause of Den-
mark; the assistance of volunteers and even of Swedish-Norwegian
troops was given. Towards 1864 the three countries came more closely
together politically, promises of help to Denmark were made by Swe-
den and Norway, and there was even talk of a treaty of alliance. But
the end of the war of 1864,and Germany’s victory over France in 1870—
71, destroyed the hopes of political Scandinavism, and thereafter it be-
came rather cultural and practical, at least until 1905, when Norway’s
full independence of Sweden led to emphasis on individual nationality,
The war of 1914-15 may bring about a revival of political Scandi-
navism. (See also page 246.)
Page 78.
To SwepeN. This poem and several following breathe the spirit of
Scandinavism described above.
Yellow-blue. The flag of Sweden shows a yellow cross onablue ground.
Christian Fourth, King of Denmark and Norway, 1588-1648.
Haakon Earl, see page 235.
Palnatoki, the legendary leader of the Jomsborg vikings. Ancient
enemies are now allies, and so also Tordenskjold (see page 229) fights
by the side of, not against, Charles XII.
Fenny = the famous singer, Jenny Lind, 1820-1887,
Litzen. Gustavus Adolphus prayed and his troops sang hymns be-
fore the battle.
Narwa, where Charles XII, in November, 1700, was victorious over
the Russians under Peter the Great.
Page 80.
Our ForeraTHERs. A festival, memorial poem, written just before the
outbreak of the Danish-German war. Danish troops were stationed
along the river Eider, which the Germans crossed on February 1, 1864.
The last lines of the poem refer to what is told’in the saga of Mag-
nus the Good about the battle of Lyrskog Heath (see page 234): “The
night before the battle Magnus was wakeful and prayed to God for
victory. Towards morning he fell asleep and dreamed that his father,
King Olaf the Saint, came to him and said: ‘You are now very sick
at heart and full of fear, because the Wends are coming against you
with a great army; but you must not be afraid of the heathen host,
though they be many together. I shall follow you into this battle and
join in the fight, when you hear my horn.’ At dawn the King wakened,
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