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| CHAPTER I
PECULIARITIES OF FINNISH CIVILISATION | |
| PAGES | |
| Aristotle on Northern agricultural nations—Scandinavian
influence on European civilisation—Ancient inhabitants of Finland — Settlement of the Finns — Lapps — Gipsies— Crusades in Finland — Swedish freedom—Difference in language — Importance of the Swedish language—Limitations of old settlements—Settlements in the interior— “Birkarlar”—Small number of parishes—Small population in former times—Famines—Advantages of the climate— Progress in wealth—Comparison with the United States | 1–16 |
| CHAPTER II
THE AGRICULTURAL CLASSES | |
| The peasantry in Northern countries — Poverty of Finnish
peasants—Great peasant farms in the West and South—In Savolaks and Carelia—“Savu-pirtti”—Origin of these — Buildings in wood and stone—Bath-houses—Area and price of farms—Village communities—Torps and torp-holders— Form of payment by torp-holders—New legislation— “Backstugusittare”—“Inhysingar”—Other agricultural labourers —Classes on the islands—The large farms—Joint-stock companies—Renting of land—Boställen—Ecclesiastic farms—No privileged class | 17–33 |
| CHAPTER III
THE LAND LAWS OF FINLAND | |
| Free development—Enclosures — Settlements in the forests—
Right of settling—Torp-holders under the Crown— “Kronohemman”—Community of possession—Burning of forests by | |
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