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332 in Russia. Notwithstanding this, work is cheaper
for the masters in Finland, in spite of the low wages in
Russia. At present Finnish work is estimated to cost
rather more than English, but it will undoubtedly be
cheaper when the hands are better instructed.
The town of Tammerfors, where most of the above
and many other kinds of manufactures are established,
and which is therefore called by the Finns the
Manchester of their country, is at present in possession
of the valuable privilege of importing all material used
by the factories, including thread for the weavers, free
of duty. Alexander I. granted this privilege to the
town on his visit to Finland in 1819, and it was
renewed by Alexander II. in 1856 for fifty years, i.e. till
1906. The liberty is excellent, but it ought to be
extended to the import of such articles into the whole
of Finland.
It is with unmixed satisfaction that we can review
those great industries which are connected with the
principal trades of the country — i.e. the creameries,
saw-mills, and the manufactories of pulp, pasteboard
and paper, which also produce the greater part of the
values exported from Finland. In speaking about the
forests, we mentioned the wealth which has lately
come from them, especially through the saw-mills.
As a result of the greater liberty granted since 1857
— steam-power being now allowed, and the mills being
no longer restricted to certain districts and certain
quantities of wood, and since 1885 no longer needing any
special concession for the introduction of steam into the
work — a great number of saw-mills, some 500 in all,
have been erected, and among these are now a number
of very large mills, producing annually work worth
millions of marks. More than half of these mills,
especially the large ones, use steam instead of
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