Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - VI. The Upper Lena
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a path for itself through mountain-chains—at Scherebinsk,
about 1050 miles south of Yakutsk (near the border between
Irkutsk and Yakutsk), and at the most northern part of its
course, where it has eroded its deep channel through the
Kara Ulak mountains, which form the most northern
outskirts of the Verkhoyansk chain.
Between Katschùga and Kirensk the plateau-land through
which the Lena has carved its deep and tortuous channel
consists mainly of horizontal layers of red sandstone and
slate-marl. At Kirensk the layers of upper-silurian sandstone
begin to appear, generally feebly folded. Below the river
Aldan, more than 60 miles north of the city of Yakutsk,
the course of the Lena lies through a flat country, built up
from mesozoic rocks, while towards the mouth of the river
carboniferous, brachiopod, and coralliferous layers appear.
It is impossible to convey by words and figures any
idea of the gigantic proportions of this superb river. Every
second it empties into the ocean 10,000 tons of water,
which, through its myriad tributaries, it receives from an area
of one million square miles, or about five times the size
of Great Britain and Ireland. The greatest part of the area
drained by the river lies east of it, the water-parting
between the Yenisei and the Lena running so far east that
it nearly touches the shores of the latter at Kirensk, where
the Lower Tunguskaya takes its rise only some ten miles
east of the Lena. The principal tributaries of the Lena
on its eastern side, counting from the south, are the
following:—the Vitim, about 1100 miles in length, of which 300
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