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natives, and many of them have received official recognition
of their work. Among these may be mentioned Bogeras
and Yochelson, who have made linguistic and ethnographic
researches among the Tschuktchis; Kudiyakoff, who
published a very valuable ethnographical work on the Yakuts
of the region of Verkhoyansk, and who, after a long and
painful exile, lost his reason and died in Siberia; Mainoff,
who has received the highest tokens of recognition from
scientific institutions for his eminent researches concerning
the Buriats; Schklovsky—better known by his pseudonym
of “Dioneo”—who contributed most valuable ethnographical
studies and descriptions of the natives of northern Yakutsk;
Tscheraschevsky, who, for his great work on the Yakuts,
was awarded the gold medal of the Imperial Geographical
Society; and others. Within the domain of natural science
also, the political exiles have done noble service.
Take, for example, the meteorological observations made
at Verkhoyansk, — a most important place, as it is the
thermometric north-pole of the earth, the coldest known point in
our hemisphere. Such observations were made only
occasionally by passing scientists, till in 1887 the political exiles
S. Kovalik and Voynaralsky, after having served their
term of hard labour in the terrible convict-prisons of the
Kharkoff province, were exiled thither, and carried out a
most comprehensive and systematic series of observations,
thus furnishing science with invaluable material. The East
Siberian branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society
sent out meteorological instruments to different points in
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