A short practical and easy method of learning the old Norsk tongue or Icelandic language / 35 (1869) Author: Rasmus Rask Table of Contents / Innehåll | << Previous | Next >>
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Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Part I - Inflection of Words - IV. The Verb

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(it has in the 1^st person us, but seems originally to have had
the vowel u).

The closed order has two manners of inflection.

1^st Cl. the one in which the change of vowel takes place
in the Indicative and Conjunctive of the Imperfect; the Part.
takes the same vowel of the main syllable as the present tense.

2^nd Cl. contains the modification of the vowel of the
Imperfect in the Part, with some exceptions.

Each of these two conjugations is subdivided in three
classes according to the modification of the vowel of the
Imperfect. There are therefore altogether 9 Conjugations in which
every regular and irregular verb is included.

122. The following table will show the distinctive feature
of each:

I. Open Order.
1st Form.
		Pres. Indic.		Imperfect.	Sup.
1st	Class	ek	ætla	ætlaða	ætlat
2nd	—	—	heyri	heyrða	heyrt
3rd	—	—	spyr	spurða	spurt.

II. Closed Order.
2nd Form.
1st	Class	ek	drep	drep	drap	drepit
2nd	—	—	ræð	ráð	rèð	raðit
3rd	—	—	dreg	drag	dró	dregit.

3rd Form.
1st	Class	ek	renn	rann	Pl.	runnum	runnit
2nd	—	—	lít	leit	—	litum	litið
3rd	—	—	byð	bauð	—	buðum	boðit.

123. It must be borne in mind, that the Indicative and
Conjunctive distinguish the Present and Imperfect, the
Imperative is only used in the Present.

The Infinitive and Participle are only single forms, but
they are both declined like nouns.

The Supine is the Participle in n. g.

The Participles end generally in -st, in the oldest
language in sk (an abbreviation of sik).

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