- Project Runeberg -  Teknisk Tidskrift / Årgång 84. 1954 /
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12 oktober 1954

871

Membranernas egenkostnader är höga, nu 5
$/ft2, och även med fabrikationen inriktad på
massproduktion, kommer sannolikt deras pris
att bli avsevärt mycket högre än de i dag
tillgängliga billiga jonbytarmassornas. Vidare är
inget känt om membranernas livslängd.

Litteratur

1. Adamson, A W: Remarks. J. Phys. Chem. 56 (1952) s. 105.

2. flastics that sort atoms. Fortune 44 (1951) juli s. 107.

3. Arnold, M H M & Seaborne, L R: The permionic
deminerali-sation process. Ind. Chemist 29 (1953) s. 295.

4. Astrup, T & Stage, A: Electrolytic desalting of amirto acid
solutions with electronegative and electropositive membranes and
the conversion of arginine into ornithine. Acta Chem. Scand. 6 (1952)
s. 1302.

5. Aultman, W W: Desalting sea ivater for domestic use. J. amer.
Water Works Ass. 42 (1950) s. 786.

6. Bauman, W C & Wheaton, R M: Exclusive no ions allowed. Ind.
& Engng Chem. 44 (1952) s. 786.

7. Bauman, \V C, Andersson, R E & Wheaton, R M: lon
ex-change. Ann. Rev. phys. Chem. 3 (1952) s. 109.

8. Bergsma, F: Selectieve membranen bestaande uit
ionenuitwissel-aars. Chem. Weekbl. 48 (1952) s. 361.

9. Bonhoeffer, K F m.fl.: Membranpotentialmessungen an
tech-nischen Ionenaustauschern. Z. phys. Chem. 198 (1951) s. 271.

10. Boyd, G E, Adamson, A W & Mayers, L S: The exchange
ad-sorption of ions from aqueous solutions by organic zeolites. 11.
Kine-tics. J. amer. chem. Soc. 69 (1947) s. 2836.

11. Boyd, G E: lon exchange. Ann. Rev. phys. Chem. 2 (1951) s. 309.

12. Boyd, G E & Soldano, B A: Osmotic free energies of ion
ex-changers. Z. Electrochem. 57 (1953) s. 163.

13. Chapman, O L & Linewater, G W: Demineralization of saline
waters. Bureau of Reclamation, Geological Survey, Bureau of Mines.
Washington 1952.

14. Clarke, J T m.fl.: Electrochemical properties of a permionic
anion membrane. J. phys. Chem. 56 (1952) s. 100.

15. Donnan, F G & Guggenheim, E A: Die genaue Thermodynamik
der Membrangleichgewichte I. Die genaue Thermodynamik der
Mem-brangleichgeivichte 11. Z. phys. Chem. 162 A (1932) s. 346; 168 A (1934)
s. 369.

16. Dunbar, J C & Mitchell, T J: The electrodialytic removal of
inorganic material from organic marine products. J. Sci. Food Agric.
4 (1953) apr. 4.

17. Glueckauf, E: A theoretical treatment of cation exchanger. I.
The prediction of equilibrium constants from osmotic data. Proc.
roy. Soc., Lond. A2H (1952) s. 207.

18. Gorin, M H: An equilibrium theory of ionic conductance. J.
chem. Phys. 7 (1939) s. 405.

19. Gregor, II P: A general thermodynamic theory of ion exchange
processes. J. amer. chem. Soc. 70 (1948) s. 1293.

20. Gregor, II P: Gibbs—Donnan equilibria in ion exchange resin
systems. J. amer. chem. Soc. 73 (1951) s. 642.

21. Griessbach, R: Entwicklung und Probleme der
Austauschadsor-bentien. Z. Elektrochem. 57 (1953) s. 147.

22. Harned, II S & Owen, B B: The physical chemistry of
electrolytic solutions s. 459. New York 1950.

23. Nepton membrane demineralization. Ionics Inc. Bull. 2 juli 1952.

24. Nepton membranes, Nepton CR-51. Ionics Inc. rev. Bull. 1 sept
1952.

25. Juda, W & McRae, W A: Coherent ion-exchange gels and
membranes. J. amer. chem. Soc. 72 (1950) s. 1044.

26. Juda, W m.fl.: Electrochemical properties of ion exchange
resins. I. Donnan equilibria, membrane potentials and conductivities.
J. amer. chem. Soc. 74 (1952) s. 3736.

27. Juda, W & McRae, W A: Ion-exchange and methods of making
and using them. US Pat. 2 636 851 (1949). Method of electrodialyzing
aqueous solutions and apparatus therefor. US Pat. 2 636 852 (1949).

28. Kollsman, P: Brit. Pat. 694 223 (1953).

29. Kressman, TRE: lon exchange resin membranes and
resin-impregnated filter paper. Nature 165 (1950) s. 568.

30. Langelier, W F: The electrochemical desalting of sea water
with permselective membranes. A hypothetical process. J. amer.
Water Works Ass. 44 (1952) s. 845.

?1. Lorenz. P B: The phenomenology of electro-osmosis and
stream-ing potential. J. phys. Chem. 56 (1952) s. 775.

32. Manecke, G & Bonhoeffer, K F: Elektrische Leitfähigkeit von
Anionenaustauschermembranen. Z. Elektrochem. 55 (1951) s. 475.

33. Manecke, G & Bonhoeffer, K F: Koncentrationsbestimmung von

Alkaliionen mit Hilfe von Membranelektroden. Z. Elektrochem. 55
(1951) s. 672.

34. Manecke, G: Membranakkumulator. Z. phys. Chem. 201 (1952)
s. 1.

35. Manecke, G: Elektrische Leitfähigkeit von
Kationenaustauscher-membranen. Z. phys. Chem. 201 (1952) s. 13.

36. Marshall, C E: Review of "cation exchange in soils". J. amer.
chem. Soc. 72 (1950) s. 1430.

37. Meyer, K H & Sievers, J-F: La perméabilité des membranes.
Théorie de la perméabilité ionique. Helv. Chim. Acta 19 (1936) s. 649.

38. Michaelis, L: Die getrocknete Kollodiummembran. Koll. Z. 62
(1932) s. 2.

39. Michaels, R W: Ph-D-thesis. Dep. chem. Engng. University of
Wisconsin 1953.

40. Melkersson, K-A: Activity and activity coefficients of
electrolytic solutions. Dep. Rep. University of Wisconsin 1953.

41. Melkersson, K-A: Separation processes. Dep. Rep. University
of Wisconsin 1954.

42. Amberplex ion permeable membranes. Rohm & Haas Co.,
Philadelphia 1952.

43. Scatchard, G: Ion-exchanger electrodes. J. amer. chem. Soc. 75
(1953) s. 2883.

44. Schindewolf, U & Bonhoeffer, K F: Ueber Ionen
aktivitäts-bestimmungen mit Hilfe von lonenaustauschermembranen mit einer
Anwendung auf den Dissociationsgrad von Polyphosphaten. Z.
Electrochem. 57 (1953) s. 216.

45. Schlögl, R & Helffrich, F: Zur Theorie des Potentials von
Austauschermembranen. Z. Elektrochem. 56 (1952) s. 644.

46. Schlögl, R: lonenbeweglichkeiten in Auslauschern. Z.
Elektrochem. 57 (1953) s. 195.

47. Schmid, G & Schwarz, H: Zur Elektrochemie feinporiger
Kapil-larsysteme. I. Uebersicht. II. Elektroosmose. 111. Elektrische
Leitfähigkeit. IV. Dialysepotentiale. V. Strömungspotentiale. VI.
Kon-vektionsleitfähigkeit. Z. Electrochem. 54 (1950) s. 424; 55 (1951) s. 229,
295, 684 ; 56 (1952) s. 35, 181.

48. Sollner, K & Gregor, H P: The electrochemistry of
permselective collodion membranes. J. phys. Chem. 50 (1946) s. 470; 51 (1947)
s. 299; J. coll. Sci. 6 (1951) s. 557.

49. Sollner, K: The origin of bi-ionic potentials across porous
membranes of high ionic selectivity. J. phys. Chem. 53 (1949)
s. 1211, 1226.

50. Sollner, K: Recent advances in the electrochemistry of
membranes of high ionic selectivity. J. electrochem. Soc. 97 (1950) s. 139C.

51. Sollner, K & Gregor, H P: The electrochemistry of
permselective protamine collodion membranes. J. coll. Sci. 7 (1952) s. 37.

52. Spiegler, K S & Coryell, C D: Electromigration in a cation
exchange resin. Science 113 (1951) s. 546; J. phys. Chem. 56 (1952)
s. 106; 57 (1953) s. 687.

53. Spiegler, K S, Juda, W & Carron, M: Counter-flow
regeneration of cation exchanger in partial demineralization of brackish
waters. J. amer. Water Works Ass. 44 (1952) s. 80.

54. Spiegler, K S: Ön the electrochemistry of ion exchange resins.
A review of recent work. J. electrochem. Soc. 100 (1953) s. 303 C.

55. Staverman, A J: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of
membrane processes. Träns. Faraday Soc. 48 (1952) s. 176.

56. Streicher, L, Bowers, A E & Briggs, R E: Demineralization
of water by electrolytic and ion exchange processes. Ind. & Engng
Chem. 45 (1953) s. 2394.

57. Teorell, T: An attempt to formulate a quantitative theory of
membrane permeability. Proc. Soc. exptl Biol. & Med. 33 (1935)
s. 282.

58. Teorell, T: Zur quantitativen Behandlung der
Membranper-meabilität. Z. Elektrochem. 55 (1951) s. 460.

59. Wieciiers, S G & Van Hoek, G: Water desalting by means of
electrodialysis. Research 6 (1953) s. 192.

60. Winger, A, Bodamer, G & Kunin, R: Some electrochemical
properties of new synthetic ion exchange membranes. J. electrochem.
Soc. 100 (1953) s. 178.

61. Winger, A, Bodamer, G, Kunin, R, Prizer, C & Harmon, G:
The electrodialysis of water using a multiple permselective
membrane cell. Föredrag i American Chemical Society, Kansas City
26 mars 1954.

62. Wyllie, R J & Patnode, II W: The development of
membranes prepared from artificial cation-exchange materials with
par-licular reference to the determination of sodium-ion activities.
J. phys. Chem. 54 (1950) s. 204.

63. Wyllie, R J & Patnode, H W: Electrode for determining
cation activity. US Pat. 2 614 976 (1952).

64. Lightfoot, E & Friedman: Preliminiary investigation of
ion-exchange membranes for purification of carboxylic acids and their
alkali salts. Föredrag i American Chemical Society, Chicago 8 sept.
1953.

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