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The pattern of Canada’s economic development has changed substantially
through the years. Her ready access to natural resources and the demands
made on her productive capacity during two world wars played a large part
in the doubling of her output of manufactures. One of the key resources
contributing to her industrial growth is the existence of cheap water power.
Science and technology have also contributed greatly to Canada’s expansion.
In the field of agriculture, for example, the introduction of power-driven
equipment increased the size of farms so that more food was made available
for domestic consumption and for export. Machinery released farm labour
for work in urban areas where secondary industries flourished as improved
transportation facilitated the movement of raw materials to central points for
processing and distribution.
One-quarter of the gainfully-employed population of Canada is engaged in
agriculture. Secondary industries, however, contribute approximately 65 per
cent to the total net value of production. Manufacturing, alone, accounts
for about 50 per cent.
Manufacturing in Canada ranges from the mass production in large factories
of automobiles and farm machinery, and the custom production of locomotives
and ships, to the output of many small articles in workshops employing only
a few persons. Natural resources are the basis of most Canadian manufactures,
although raw materials are also processed with cheap water power and shipped
to many parts of the world. The eight main manufacturing groups in Canada
are: iron and its products: wood and paper products; vegetable products;
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