Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Notes - 2) Ethnography
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population of the tribe has steadily declined. They have often attacked
parties of whalemen who have been on shore after water and
driftwood. A chief named Owtonowrok, aspiring to become absolute
master of his people, passed from tyranny to assasination. For the
most trivial causes he would sally forth on a shot-gun expedition.
He was shot dead Febr. 14, 1889, by two brothers whom he had
exiled, but who returned for the purpose of killing him. During
his life he killed 5 men and one woman.
The present century has witnessed the rise and fall of the
Kinegans of Cape Pr. of Wales. A band, led on by their
Unutkoots (Angakut) overran the country south and east of the Selawik
River, sailed across Kotzebue Sound to Hotham and Cape
Krusenstern, where they founded colonies, plundering and scattering other
tribes. Soon after 1867 they captured and plundered a St.
Francisco vessel. Encouraged by this success they seized and boarded
a Hawaiian brig, commanded by George Gilly. They seized and
killed one man. But Gilly and the mate took up position at the
poop and opened fire on the natives who swarmed on deck. 15
were killed, the number of the drowned is not known. This
incident broke the power of the Kinegans.
Bands of Outlaws, called Kevalinyes, have their home between
the Tigaras and the Nooatoks, from whom the larger number of
them have their origin. Within the last 3 years they have extended
their ground to the shore of the Arctic, appropriating the northern
portion of the Tigara hunting ground. But it must be remembered
that in no place are hostilities continuous between the tribes, there
are always seasons of civility, during which they visit each other
for the purpose of trade.
The Nooatoks, originally called Napakatamutes (timber people)
began their existence in the timbered country at the head waters
of the Nooatok River. They have moved to the east and west
occupying as much of the territory as suits their purpose. Around
Point Barrow they have obtained footing, and they promise to
overrun the whole country.
There are 3 types observable among the Arctic Eskimo of
Alaska. First the tall cadaverous natives on Kotzebue Sound, who
live on fish, ptarmigans and marmots, and always have a hungry
look; there is a tendency among then to migrate northward. Then
there is the tall, strongly knit type of the Nooatoks, a gigantic race,
of a splendid physique; they live among the mountains of the interior
and their supply of food is the reindeer, mountain sheep, ptarmigans
and fish. The third type is the short, stumpy one, probably that
of the old Eskimo before the admixture with southern tribes; they
are now found on the Arctic coast. Whale, seal, and deer meat
are their food staples.
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