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12 Yrjö Ilvessalo, The Forest .’Resources’ of Finland in 1936—1938
said that since 1922—23 the area of productive forest land
has decreased slightly, not as much as the figures in the table not
directly suitable for comparison indicate, but probably by about two
hundred thousand hectares or about 1 per cent. This area has been
chiefly transferred to the class »cultivated land, building sites, roads
etc.» owing to the land being cleared for such purposes. The figure for
poor productive forest land is slightly higher than
before, owing to the transfers from the lower border of productive
forest land, though this can also be ascribed entirely to the uncertainty
shown by the limits of the »standard error». The figure obtained for
the total forest area is now 24 840 000 hectares instead of the former
25 263 500 hectares, and the proportion of forest area to the total
land area 71.3 per cent instead of 73.5 per cent formerly.The difference
is not altogether due to the uncertainty shown by the limits of the
standard error, the actual reduction which may be said to exist —
taking into consideration the causes of difference referred to —
amounting to about 200 000 ha, as already stated.
The figure for the area of waste land is now considerably higher
than before. This is partly due to the circumstance referred to above,
viz., that the definition of poor productive forest land is more strictly
limited. Partly, of course, it is also due to the uncertainty of the
results indicated by the standard error. Finally it is possible that a
considerable part of the increase in the total land area belongs to the
class »waste land».
The class »cultivated land, building sites, roads etc.» is now close
on 250 000 ha larger than before. Although the same factors affect
the uncertainty of comparison in this instance as in other classes of
land use, it is safe to say that the area of this class has increased in
reality, as many new fields, roads, building sites and cultivated
pastures have been cleared since 1922—23.
The land area of Finland is divided among the groups of owners
according to the following percentages: private individuals
(principally farmers) 54.0 %, the State 37.1 %, the wood-working companies
6.7 %, the communes 1.4 % and the churches 0.8 %. In 1922—1923
the percentages were correspondingly: 52.1, 39.7, 6.5, 0.8 and l.o.
2. Sub-division of classes of land use.
a. Productive forest land.
Productive forest land, the total area of which, as already
mentioned, amounts to 19 580 000 ha and which forms the essential basis
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