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FENNIA 66, N;o 4
13
for the forestry of Finland, is divided in the survey according to forest
and swamp types in accordance with common Finnish usage. The
distinction between forest and swamp types is based on C a j a
n-d e r’s system of forest types, supplemented by recent investigations.
Swamp types, however, are dealt with below only in main classes,
the detailed description of the areas of swamp types being given later.
The sub-division of productive forest land in Finland — in the
usual order of grass-herb forests, moist moss forests, fairly dry and
dry moss (and lichen) forests, and finally wet land — will be found
in Table 2.
Table 2. Sub-division of the productive forest land.
Forest type or type group South Finland | North Finland Whole country
hectares %
Grass-herb forest types ................120 000 23 000 143 000 0.7
Oxalis-(and Geran.-Dryopt.-)
Myrtillus type ....................................1623 000 83 000 1706 000 8.7
Pvrola type ......................................12 000 — 12 000 0.1 j
Myrtillus type ..................................4 928 000 915 000 5 843 000 29.9 !
Hylocomium-Myrtillus type ..........— 718 000 718 000 3.7 I
Yaccinium type................................2 825 000 287 000 3112 000 15.9
Empetrum-Vaccinium type............35 000 1 005 000 1 040 000 5.3
Empetrum-Myrtillus type ..............— 1951000 1951000 10.0
Calluna type ....................................470 000 230 000 700 000 3.5
Ericaceae-Cladina type ..................— 1 176 000 1 176 000 6.0
Cladina type ....................................24 000 91000 115 000 0.6
Productive spruce swamps ............1262 000 643 000 1905 000 9.7
Productive pine swamps ...............721000 438 000 1 159 000 5.9
Total 12 020 000 7 560 000 19 580 000 100
Great differences will be found, if the new percentages and
quantities of hectares of the forest types are compared with the
corresponding figures established in 1922—23. In this case, too, the factor
of uncertainty explained by calculations of probability and the
alteration in the total land area exert a partial influence. But the change
in the basis of the estimation of forest types, consisting in the lower
limit of some forest types having recently been shifted lower in practice
than was formerly considered feasible, has proved to be the main
cause, the areas of the Oxalis-Myrtillus type and of the Myrtillus type
having consequently been increased and the areas of the poorer forest
types, the Vaccinium and Calluna types, reduced.
b. Forest land of poor growth.
Productive forest land covers 78.8 per cent of the total forest area
of Finland, only 21.2 per cent being left for forest land of poor growth.
But even this proportion is so striking that the sub-division of the
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