Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - I. Findestedet og fundets historie / Description of the place and mode of the discovery - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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8700 kroner. Heraf dækkedes 400 kroner ved den
ovennævnte privatsubskription, og resten blev efter regje-
ringens forslag enstemmig bevilget af storthinget.
8700 Crowns out of which 400 Crowns had come in
through the private subscription above named, and the
remaining part was according to the proposal of Govern-
ment unanimously voted by the Storthing.
Etter denne udsigt i det store over udgravningen,
og hvad dermed stod i forbindelse, vilde det ligge nær-
mest at gaa ind i fundets enkeltheder, beskrive de fundne
sager og fastsætte deres alder. Inden jeg gaar over der-
til, vil dog et klarere lys kunne spredes over det hele,
naar der forst gives en fremstilling af, hvad man vidste
eller kunde vide om vort ældre skibsvæsen, førend Gok-
stadskibet kom frem af jorden. Deraf vil det ogsaa
vise sig, om og hvorledes vor kundskab i denne retning
Men for
dette øjemed maa der ikke alene gaaes tilbage til de
er bleven forøget ved det omhandlede fund.
ældste tider, men ogsaa meget længer ned end den yngre
jernalder, i flere tilfælde endog ligetil henimod vore dage.
Thi det gjelder her, som ogsaa ellers ofte hos os paa
grund af den langsommere gang i vor kulturudvikling,
at der med større sikkerhed end i de fleste andre euro-
pæiske lande kan sluttes fra nutiden til, hvad der fandt
sted i fortiden.
Den ældste forestilling, vi kunne danne os om far-
kosternes beskaffenhed her i landet, fremgaar af de saa-
kaldte helleristninger. Disse maa med størst rime-
lighed antages mestendels at tilhøre bronsealderen eller
det tidsrum, som ligger mellem Kristi fødsel og omkring
tusend aar før den tid. Ristningerne ere som oftest
udførte i fast fjeld, sjeldnere paa større løstliggende
stene. Hidtil ere de kun trufne søndenfor det inderste
af Throndhjemsfjorden, i det hele med store mellemrum,
sjeldnest paa vestlandet, men i overvejende grad i Smaa-
lenene, navnlig i den sydøstre del paa et forholdsvis lidet
strøg, hvor tallet af de forskjellige grupper endog naar op til
henimod et par hundrede. Beliggenheden af hver gruppe
er næsten altid nær kysterne, kun fem findes længere inde
Nicolaysen. Langskibet.
te
After this general review of the excavation and the
incidents connected therewith, it might seem most ap-
propriate to enter upon all particulars of the discovery,
describe the objects discovered and determine their age.
Before however I proceed to do this, a clearer light will
be spread over the whole, by an account of what
was known or could be known concerning the an-
cient conditions of our shipping, before the Gokstad-
ship was dug out of the earth. It will then be more
readily understood, whether and how far knowledge
in regard to this, is increased by the discoveries in
question. But in order to do this, we must not only go
back to the most ancient times, but also much further
down than to the later iron-age, in many instances even
down to our own time. For, on account of the slower
development of our civilization, it happens here as in
other instances, that we can, with greater certainty than
in most other European countries, from the present de-
termine what took place in former times.
- The earliest conception we can form of the cha-
racter of vessels in our country, proceed from the rude
gravings in stone called «Helleristninger». Such may
for the most part be presumed to have been executed
during the bronze age, or within the period lying be-
tween the birth of our Lord and about a thousand years
previously. These gravings have, as is well known, been
ordinarily made in rocks, and but rarely on detached
stones. Hitherto they have not been found higher up than
on the southern side of the innermost portion of the Trond-
hjems-fiord, and generally at some distance from each
other: in the westerly part of the country, more rarely,
but in the greatest number in Smaalenene, and more
specially, in the southern tract of the latter, on a rela-
tively small area, where the number of the different
groups amounts to very nearly two hundred. Each
group is almost always situated close to the coast; but
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