Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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i landet, men ogsaa disse nær elv eller indsø. De frem-
stillede gjenstande gives altid kun i kontur og med svagt
fordybede streger; ’deriblandt træffes som oftest skibsfigu-
rer, seede fra siden og indtil 2 m. lange. Skibene maa vel
antages at have været spidse kun i den ene ende, stavnene
ere noget krumme, forholdsvis høje, og langs efter skibet
sees en række med lodrette streger, som formodentlig
skulle vise mandskabet. Forevrigt kunne vi selvfølgelig
ej danne os nogen nærmere forestilling af disse rids om
farkosternes beskaffenhed og navnlig hverken om deres
størrelse, materiale eller sammensætning. Dog synes
det rimeligt, at kjølen maa have udgjort et helt stykke
træ, medens ribberne mulig kun bestode af vidjer, over-
dragne med skind, ligesom Eskimoernes baade eller de
af vore forfædre saakaldte hudkeiper (Måkeipr)*). Var
klædningen derimod af bord, saa bleve disse vistnok,
ligesom endnu hos Skoltelapperne i russisk Finmarken,
»syede« eller bundne sammen med vidjer eller reb. No-
get lignende træffes ifølge sagaernel) i de »skuder«’
som Sigurd Slembe lod gjøre i 1138 hos Lapper inde i
fjordene i Nordland; paa disse var der, som det heder,
vidjer istedenfor knæer, og bordene forbandtes med sener
(sina). I saadanne farkoster lod det sig nok gjøre at
fare omkring paa søerne og, naar det var stille, langs
kysten, men neppe kunde der være tale om at gaa ud
paa havet med dem.
I den følgende kulturperiode eller den ældre jern-
alder, omtrent fra Kristi fødsel indtil omkring 700 aar
derefter, kjendes ingen billedlige fremstillinger af far-
tøjer hos os, og neppe heller ere virkelige levninger
deraf fundne; i alle fald maa det ansees meget tvilsomt, om
dertil kan henregnes de bordstumper med smaa huller i
kanten, hvori var sener eller bastetaug, og som fandtes i
den bekjendte gravhaug paa Vallere”). Og selv om
disse levninger virkelig hidrørte fra en mindre baad, saa
give de kun liden oplysning. En ganske anden klar
forestilling om den ældre jernalders farkoster fremkom
ved de baade, antagelig fra det 4de hundredaar efter
*) For at undgaa en hel del citater, kan der ved de oldnorske ord
i almindelighed henvises til J. FRITZNER’s »Ordbog over det gamle
norske Sprog«, hvori bevisstederne for vedkommende ords betydning
ville findes anforte.
1) Heimskringla, ed. R. Unger p. 730.
10
five are found further inland, but also they have been
placed near to a river or a lake. The objects repre-
sented are always given in simple outline, the lines being
of very little depth, and amongst them, the figures of
ships are most frequently to be found, shown sidewise, and
up to 2 m. long. We must suppose the ships to have
been sharp only in one end, the posts are somewhat
curved, relatively high, and, lengthwise on the ship, 1s
to be seen a series of vertical strokes, probably intended
to represent the crew. As a matter of course, from
these cuts, no idea can be formed of the nature of the
vessels themselves, and particularly, none of either their
size, the material used in them, or the mode of their
construction. It seems however probable, that the keel
must have formed one entire piece of timber, while the
ribs consisted but of withes covered with skin, such as
the boats of the Esquimaux, or the socalled hudkezpr
used by our ancestors*). Were nevertheless the covering
of boards, the latter must certainly, as is yet the case
among the Skolt-laps in Russian Lapmark, — have been
«sewn» or knitted together with withes or cords. Accor-
ding to the Sagas!) something similar is to be found
in the vessels which Sigurd Slembe had built in A. D.
1138 by the Laplanders in the Fjords (firths) of Nord-
land, on which, as it is stated, withes were used in
stead of knees and the planking was bound together with
sinew-cords (szza). It might be quite possible to move
about the inland lakes and in calm weather even round
the sea coast in such a craft, but a venture out to sea
in them was not to be thought of.
In the next ensuing or elder ironperiod, — rang-
ing from the birth of Christ until about 700 years
afterwards, no pictorial representations of vessels are
known to exist among us, and scarcely either have
any genuine remains of such vessels been discovered;
it must at all events be considered extremely doubt-
ful, whether the fragments of boards pierced near the
edges with small holes wherein were sinew cords or
bast cords and which were found in the well known
barrow on Vallerø*), can really be reckoned among
such remains. And even were it granted, that the
relics really came from åa small boat, but little in-
formation could be derived from them. A much
‘clearer idea of the vessels of the elder ironperiod, was
obtained from the boats probably belonging to the
*) To avoid a great number of citations, we may, as to the old Nor-
wegian words, refer mainly to the «Ordbog over det gamle norske
Sprog af J. Fritzner», in which the different passages in other books
that show the true signification of all such words, may be found.
*) Urda I, 29, cfr. A. LORANGE, Saml. af Norske Oldsag. i Bergens Museum p. 106.
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