Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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Kristus, som fandtes 1863 i Nydam mose i Slesvig og
ere beskrevne af professor C. Engelhardt i hans be-
kjendte verk), dog kan det ikke deraf ligetil sluttes, at
de samtidige farkoster i vort land væsentlig have været
ligedanne. Kun den ene af de omtalte baade lod sig
fuldstændig restaurere. Den har ikke nogen egentlig
kjøl, men kun en lav bundplanke af omtrent 45 fods
(14.20 m.) længde; spanterne have tversover ikke havt
anden forbindelse end løse tofter; bordene ere gjennem
de i visse afstande i træet udsparede klamper bundne
med bastetaug til spanterne, men ere indbyrdes fæstede
Breden er midtskibs 101/2 fod
(3:30 m.) og længden mellem stavnene henved 75 fod
(23.55.42
den kun været et rofartøj.
med klinknagler af jern.
Da der ikke fandtes spor af mast, har baa-
Aarerne have hvilet i keiper,
hvoraf der er 14 paa hver side, men heller ikke disse
ere fæstede paa anden maade til reelingen end ved sur-
ring af bastetaug. Paa grund af baadens brede kan
hver rorskarl ikke have roet med to aarer, 1 det mindste
ej i midten, skjønt nok paa de forreste og agterste tof-
ter, og saaledes maa der rimelig i det hele have været
20—30 mand. Skjønt det oftere er sagt, at denne
baad har megen lighed med vor Nordlandsbaad, kan dette
dog kun gjelde klinkbygningen og keiperne, medens
den navnlig ved sine sterkt liggende stavne i begge
ender har større lighed med flere baade i Bergens stift
men især paa grund af stavnspidsernes form med Nord-
fjordbaaden.
Først i den yngste forhistoriske periode eller den yngre
ernalder, fra ca. 700 til noget over 1000 aar efter Kristus,
var det oftere tilfældet, at levningerne af den døde bleve
nedlagt i en farkost, en skik, der stemmede saa vel med,
Det. er
ogsaa denne skik, vi kunne takke for, at levninger af
at denne periode netop omfattede vikingetiden.
skibe eller baade have bevaret sig lige til vore dage.
Dog var man engang altfor tilbøjelig til den mening, at
overalt, hvor flere klinknagler fandtes sammen i en grav-
haug, hidrørte de fra en farkost. Man var endnu ikke ble-
ven opmerksom paa, åt saadanne nagler ogsaa kom til an-
vendelse paa mange andre gjenstande af træ f. ex. kister og
skrin, ja paa landet undertiden endog ligetil for et par
hundrede aar siden. Alligevel er der tid efter anden paa
*) Nydam Mosefund 1865 p. 7—11.
11
and discovered
They
Professor C. Engelhardt in his-
of the Christian
in the bog of Nydam in Slesvig
fourth
1863
are described by
century era,
in
well known work". It may however still be doubt-
ful whether the contemporary vessels of our land were
It was found possible fully
It has no
proper keel but merely a low bottom plank of 45
in all respects like those.
to restore but one of the boats mentioned.
feet (14.20 m.) length. The frames have no other bond
crosswise than loose thwarts; the planking is fastened
to the frames by bast cords through projections distri-
buted at fixed distances throughout the woodwork; the
boards of the planking are joined to eachother by iron
rivets, The breadth amidships is 10.5 feet (3.30 m.) and
the length between stem and stern about 75 feet (23.55 m.)
Since no traces of a mast were to be detected, the ves-
sel can only have been intended for a rowing boat.
The oars rested in angular row-locks of which on each
145 ‘but
to the gunwale otherwise than by lashings of bast
side there are neither are these at’ached
cord. In consequence of the breadth of the vessel, each
rower cannot have used two oars, at least not midships,
though he may have done so on the furthest fore- and aft-
thwarts, and thus the crew may possibly have consisted
of 20—30 men. Although it has been frequently asserted,
that this boat is very much like the Nordland boat
of our time, such an assertion can only have weight
in respect to its riveted construction and its tholes,
while — and especially as to its horizontal stem and
sternpost — it has a stronger affinity with many boats
in the diocese of Bergen, but specifically, because of the
pointed form of its ends, with the Nordfiord boat.
In the latest prehistoric period or, as otherwise named,
the later iron period, from about 700 to a little after 1000
of the Christian era, it frequently occurred, that the
remains of the dead were placed in a vessel, a custom
exceedingly appropriate to an age including the Viking
period. To this custom we owe also that the relics of
ships or boats could remain in preservation until our
own days. There existed however once too strong a
tendency towards the opinion, that whereever iron rivets
were found together in barrows, their presence was due
to a vessel. Attention had not at that time been
directed to the fact that such rivets were also used in
the fabrication of many other articles in wood, for instance
chests and caskets, and this use was indeed continued in
rural districts, until about two centuries ago, Nevertheless at
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