Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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Som det synes, foregik skibsbygningen oftere under
et skur (hröf eller råf).
ogsaa ved andre farkoster, blev først kjølen (Xjölr) sat
paa bakkestokkene (bakkastokkar), dernæst tilføjedes stav-
nene og indholterne (inmvidir eller innvidartré), som be-
Ved ledingsskibene, ligesom vel
stode af spanter, knæer (kné) og de tversover gaaende
baand (bitt), hvoriblandt tvende havde særegne navne:
siglubiti ved masten og austrbiti ved det bagerste øse-
rum. Udenpaa spanterne blev dernæst klædt med bord
(bera bordi). Dette skede da paa samme maade som
ved Tuneskibet og endnu ved vore baade og jægter, saa-
ledes at hvert højere bord lagdes lidt over kanten (skör)
af det nedenfor liggende. Det 2det lag fra kjølen kaldtes
amrbmd, det ste hrefmi, svarende til »remmen»’) paa den
nordlandske baad eller der, hvor siden antog en mere lod-
ret stilling, hvorfor forbindingen mellem bordene paa
dette sted fik navnet hrefnis skör.
kaldtes i det mindste senere, som endnu, et omfar (wm-
Hvert lag af bordene
far), men tallet af disse var selvfølgelig forskjelligt efter
sidernes højde. Desuden omtales paa et par steder to
dele langs siden, der, som det synes, ved sin større tyk-
kelse eller ved paalagte lister hævede sig frem fra de øv-
rige og derfor havde egne navne: rodrarhifr, formodent-
lig nærmest under aarerækken, og meginhifr. maaske ræ-
lingen. Tzetningen mellem bordene skede ligesom paa
Tuneskibet og allerede i Nydamsbaaden ved et tyndt
lag af drev (siprådr af sid*), dog vel ikke af hamp,
men som paa de nysnævnte farkoster af fæhaar. Hvor-
ledes spanterne fæstedes til klædningen, omtales ikke,
men kan sees af hvad ovenfor (s. 12) er sagt om Tune-
baaden. Bordene bleve, ligesom endnu nordenfor Eker-
sund, indbyrdes forbundne med gjennemgaaende nagler
af jern (hnédsaumr), udvendig med rundt hoved og ind-
vendig med firkantede plader (76), som klinkedes fast.
Med andre ord, der anvendtes paa alle slags farkoster
udelukkende klinkbygning. Vel har nuværende kommandør
H. Miller i sin bog?), der var gjennemseet og saaledes
godkjendt af P. A.Munch, udtalt, «at de egentlige Lang-
skibe maa have været i Almindelighed klinkertbyggede.
Derimod synes det som om Drageskibene i Regelen have
været kravelbyggede; at saaledes Ormen hin lange har
1) Cfr. Eit, SUNDT, N ordlandsbaaden p. 25.
3) Søkrigshistoriens vigtigste Begivenheder p. 4.
14
It would seem, that ship building was generally car-
ried on under a shed (Ar6f or raf). In the case of war-
ships as well as other craft, the keel (£70/r) was first
laid upon the stocks (dakkastokkar),
at each extremity were set up together with the inter-
next the posts
venient frame-timbers (znnvidir or innvidartré) which
consisted of floors and knees and the cross beams
(diti) two of which bear distinctive names, that by the
mast sigluditt and that by the well furthest aft ausir-
bit. On the outside of the frames they then laid planking
(bera bordi). This was done in the manner shown by
the Tune ship and indeed now in our boats and yachts,
* by placing each upper plank a little over the edge (søör)
of that next below it. The second tier of planking from
the keel was named aurdord, the stt in succesion hrefnz,
answering to the «rem»+), of our Nordland boats or
where the side of the vessel was more vertically formed.
For this reason the junction of the planking at that
tier, was named hrefnis skor. Each tier of the planking
was, at least somewhat later, as now, termed an «omfar»
(umfar), the number of such tiers being of course dif-
ferent in the different vessels, according to the height
of the vessels themselves. Further in a couple of places
there is mention made, alongside the side, of two por-
tions of the planking that, either in consequence of a
greater thickness of plank or by means of a fillet atta-
ched, projected beyond the rest, and therefore had
distinctive names: rodrarhiufr, probably next under the
rank of oars, and meginhifr, possibly the gunwale.
Tightening of the joints was effected, asin the Tuneboat
and already in the Nydam’s-boat, by a thin layer of
oakum (siprddr of sid)?*) probably not of hemp but, as in the
recently named craft, of catle-hair. It is not stated how
the ribs were fixed to the planking; but, as may be seen
from what earlier (pag. 12) has been said of the Tuneboat.
In the same way as still North of Ekersund, the planks
themselves were fastened to eachother by through bolts
of iron (Anödsaumr), that outward have a round head
and inwards square plates (v0), riveted together, in other
words, vessels of every class were exclusively clinker-
built. It is true, that Commodore H. Miiller of the
Norwegian navy, in his book that had been revised
and consequently approved by Professor P. A. Munch,
the historian, has stated*), «that the long-ships, in the
peculiar sense of the word, must have been ordinarily
clinker-built, but on the other hand, the war-vessels called
Dragon-ships, would seem as a rule to have been carvel-
built. That the ancient war-vessel «The long serpent»
% Cfr. Iv. AASEN, Ordb. over det norske Folkesprog, og Histor, Tidsskr. 2den række III, 124.
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