Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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25
(popta). De fleste baade havde vistnok mast og sejl, og
for at det ikke skulde risikeres, at man skadede bordene
i bunden ved at gaa paa dem, var der ligesom endnu
mellem spanterne anbragt tiljer (piljur) eller paa tvers
gaaende tynde bordstykker, som nedenunder forbandtes
med en list. : |
Ordet skib (skip) omfattede i almindelighed alle slags
farkoster, endog de mindste, men i streng forstand hen-
regnedes dertil kun handelsfartøjer og saadanne, hvis
størrelse ikke som ved baadene betegnedes efter aare-
mængden, men efter tallet af deres rorbænke (sess). Disse
bænke gik maaske neppe, som tofterne i baadene, tvers-
over fartøjets hele brede, men vare sandsynligere, lige-
som i de romerske skibe, kortere sæder paa hver side,
efter skibets størrelse i det højeste med plads for fire,
rorskarle!). Der vilde isaafald mellem begge siders ror-.
bænke langs efter midten af skibet levnes en gjennem-
gang”). |
lem to og to spant, men hvilede, som det kan slut-
tes af Tuneskibet, med sine ender i en fals paa tver-
baandene eller biterne (jfr. s. 34). I uadskillelig forbindelse
med rorbænkene stod rimeligvis og, at der ikke var
keiper for aarerne, men, som det sees paa broderiet i
Bayeux og flere af de ovennævnte segl, vistnok efter
romersk skik, huller (håbora), i skibets sider (jfr. s. 34).
Ifølge den ældre Gulathingslov havde det mindste skib
og
Af sesseskibe var
med rorbænke tretten saadanne, altsaa 26 aarer,
det kaldtes derfor en prettånsessa.
der forresten to slags: karver og langskibe.
Karven (karfi, udentvil af det latinske carabus)
var, som det synes, mestendels kun et rofartej*); i alle
fald træffes, saavidt bekjendt, blot et par*) karver med mast.
Den største, som nævnes, havde 15 rorbænke (fimtånsessa)
eller 16.
tales karver som landeværnsskibe (landvarnarskip), men til
I nyere landslov og en retterbod af 13155) ’om-
at gaa over havet med kunne de ikke have været brugte,
hvis de, som nys antaget, blot undtagelsesvis havde sejl.
Desuden kan det mulig sluttes, at karven, maaske paa
grund af en egen bygningsmaade, var meget rank eller let
1) Cfr. Flateyarb. 1, 396.
Urger p. 190; D, Norv. II, 366
?) Cfr. Heimskr. p. 400,
3) Norg. gamle Love, 112.
Nicolaysen. Langskibet
Gulvets tiljer laa ikke, som i baadene, mel-..
(popta). The boats no doubt were generally fitted with
mast and sail, and lest the boarding of their bottom should
be injured by being trampled upon, a movable flooring
(peljur), was, as now, fitted between the frames, consisting
of thin boards going right across and held together bya
cross fillet over the undersurface.
The word ship (skp) embraced generally vessels of
all descriptions, — even the least —, though strictly
speaking it was only applied to trading vessels and
such craft, whose magnitude was not computed by the
number of oars as in the instance of boats, but by
the number of oarsmen’s benches (sess). Possibly such
benches did not entirely stretch across the vessel like
thwarts in the boats, but were more likely as in the
Roman ships, short seats placed on each side, with, ac-
cording to the size of the vessel, a place for four oars-
men’), at the utmost. Thus between the benches on each
side would be left a gangway?) lengthwise throughout
the ship.
boats between
The boards of the flooring lay not as in the
but
be inferred from the Tuneship with their ends
It is
probable, that in inseparable conjunction with the oars-
consecutive pairs of frames, as
may
resting in a ledge, on the beams (4741) (cfr. p. 34).
benches, the above named were not
the
Bayeux tapestry and in several of the before named seals,
men’s «keiper»
placed for oars, but assuredly, as shown in the
in accordance with the Roman custom, holes (Zåbora)
in the ship’s sides served that purpose (cfr. p. 34). Con-
formably to the elder Gulathing’s-law, the smallest ship
using oarsmen’s benches had thirteen such, therefore 26
oars, and therefore it was termed a prettånsessa (thirteen-
seated). For the rest these ships with oarsmen’s benches
embraced two varieties: viz. the «karves» and the long-
ships.
The «karve» (karfi, doubtless a derivative of the
latin carabus) was, it would seem, in most instances only
At all
as far as we know, but made of a couple‘) of masted carvels.
an oar-propelled vessel °). events mention is,
The largest named had 15 (fimtånsessa) or 16 oarsmen’s
benches. In the more modern law and in an ordinance
of 13159), the «karves» are mentioned as vessels of
defence (andvarnarskip), but such as were specially
adapted to cross the sea, they never could have been,
if, as just now assumed, they but exceptionally carried
sail. And moreover, it may possibly be inferred, that,
perhaps from some peculiar construction, the «Karve»
3) Cfr. JAL, Archéol. navale I, 411, 464. *) Konungasög. ed.
4
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