Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
Below is the raw OCR text
from the above scanned image.
Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan.
Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
26.
til at slingre, siden vort gamle sprog har et dermed sam-
mensat ord, karfafötr, som betegnelse for den ustøhed
paa fødderne, der medfølger berusning 1), Man ser for-
resten, at biskop Haakon i Bergen endnu 1340 lod bygge
en karve der til sit eget brug”), men sidste gang dette
slags farkoster nævnes er 1381 i Nidaros).
Ethvert andet skib, som beregnedes efter rorbænke,
var krigsskib, eller, som man dengang kaldte det, langskib
(langskip), der udentvil er en ligefrem oversættelse af det
latinske navis longa, som havde samme betydning. For-
uden hvad der, som oven anført, var fælles for alle farkoster
med rorbænke, gjaldt for langskibet, at det i modsæt-
ning til karven altid havde sejl og mast. Denne var dog,
som det kan sees paa broderiet i Bayeux, forholdsvis
meget lav og blev nedlagt, naar man fik modvind, bere
dede sig til kamp eller tog havn*). Hvad der forøvrigt
var eget for langskibet, skal nedenfor nærmere omtales.
Langskibene omfattede dels de ledingsskibe, som hvert
skibrede var pligtigt at holde, og dels dem, som kongen
selv eller landets høvdinger for egen regning anskaffede.
De første vare vistnok simplere, medens kongernes og
høvdingernes langskibe hørte til de bedst udstyrede og
fuldkomneste, som tiden kjendte. Af saadanne nævnes
for det ferste snekke (snekkja) og skude (skuta), begge
udentvil af mindre og simplere slags, endvidere drage
(dreki, et ord, der i alle fald som betegning for fabel-
dyret er overført fra det latinske draco), skeid (skeid,
gresk Gxedia) og busse (buza, lat. bussa). Derimod
træffes ikke hos os i virkeligheden de to slags skibe, der
spillede saa stor rolle i sydlandene, skjønt ord derfor
havdes, nemlig den saakaldte drömundr (Spouør) og
galeien (galeid, i middelalderens datin galeida), ihvorvel de
vistnok gjennem flere mellemled have været de oprinde-
lige forbilleder for vore langskibe. Af galeier kjendes,
men i langt senere tid, kun den ene, der, som ovennævnt,
blev bygget i Bergen 1566. Om der forresten mellem
dragen, skeiden og bussen var nogen synderlig forskjel,
Vy Che. Heimskr. ed. Unger p. 307.
ed. Unger p. 165, 230, Flateyarb. III, 41.
2) D. Norv. VIII no. 131.
was wanting in stability and had a tendency to roll.
For our old Norse has a word formed from this vessel’s
name, karfafotr, to designate that kind of unsteadi
ness on the feet which follows inebriation !). It can also
be seen, that Bishop Haakon in Bergen had a «karve»
built there so late as 1340 for his own use”), but
the last time such vessels are mentioned, is 1381 in
Nidaros3). i
Every other ship which was computed by number
of oarsmen’s benches, was a ship of war, or as then
termed a long-ship (angskzp) without doubt a literal
rendering of the Latin navis longa which has the same
meaning. Additionally to what, as before noted, was
common to all sea going vessels with oarmen’s benches,
it was a characteristic of the long-ships, that, in oppo-
sition to the «karve», they always carried sail and mast.
The latter was however, as the Bayeux tapestry serves
to show, proportionally very low, and was lowered
when contrary winds prevailed, when preparation for
battle had to be made or harbour of refuge*) was to be
sought. Other peculiarities of the long-ship shall be
more accurately discussed hereafter. The long ships in-
cluded partly such leviable war-ships as every ship-
district lay under obligation to maintain, and partly such
as the King himself or the Chieftains in the land pro-
vided at their own cost. Those belonging to the former
class were assuredly of a less pretentious character,
while those provided by kings or chieftains were of the
very best outfit and the most perfect known in those
days. Among the latter are to be named first the
snekke (snekkja) and the skude (skuta) both doubtless
of inferior order, further the dragon (dreki) — a word
which at least as a designation of that fabulous monster
has been transferred from the Latin draco —, the «skeid»
(skeid, greece onedia) and the «busse» (duza, Lat. buza).
On the other hand the two classes of ships that have played
so great a part in southern lands, the 6pouær and the
galley, in the Latin of the middle ages galeida, —
although their respective names survive in drömundr
and galeié, — have practically no existing representa-
tives, notwithstanding they have been, admittedly, with
many an intervening link, the prototypes of our «long
solitary one is known,
ships». Of galleys but a
which however belongs to a much later period, the one
previously referred to and built, in the town of Bergen
A. D. 1566. It can scarcely now be known, whether
3) D. Norv. IL, 366. 4) Konungasög.
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
