Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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27
ter være uvist; rimeligst er det, at de i alt væsentligt
vare lig hverandre. Saaledes kaldes det skib, som kong
Harald haardraade byggede i Nidaros i 1060!) og
nedenfor nærmere skal omtales, snart en skeid og snart
en busse, og i et sagabrudstykke?) tilføjes ved beret-
retningen om, at Harald lod sætte dragehoveder paa
skibet, at da kunde man kalde det, hvad man vilde, skeid
eller drage. Der omtales ogsaa i 1244 et islandsk skib
med navnet hdfdabussan*), altsaa prydet med hoveder
paa stavnene. Forresten nævnes i en retterbod af 1330
»kongens skibe og busser«, og i en senere bestemmelse
af 1445 omtales »kongens egne skibe og store søskibe,
fra gammel tid kaldte busser«*).
Hvad der gjaldt for kongernes og høvdingernes lang-
skibe med hensyn til deres navne, størrelse, indretning,
udsmykning og mandskabets talrighed m. m., vil bedst
vise sig, naar-de merkeligste skibe af dette slags, som
nævnes, her anføres i kronologisk orden.
Høvdingen Thorolf Kveldulfssøn paa Sandnes i Nord-
land lod i872—873 gjøre et stort langskib med drage-
hoved paa).
Kong Olaf Tryggvessøn lod omkring 997 bygge et
langskib, som var snekke, paa Ørene ved Nidelven®);
det havde høje stavne, 30 rum, og fik navnet Tranen, men
stod i skjønhed langt tilbage for den drage, han
kort tid efter tog fra høvdingen Raud den ramme i Sal-
ten og som da »var det smukkeste skib i hele Norges.
Denne kaldte han Ormen, »fordi sejlet, naar det var i
luften, skulde være som dragens vinger«. Ogsaa dette
skib havde 30 rum, men var stort i forhold dertil (miktt at
pvi). Forstavnen havde dragehoved, og agterstavnen var
bøjet fremover i en krog (krékr), som en hale (spordr);
baade hovedet, stavnen og begge krumninger (svirir)
vare forgyldte’ Omtrent ved samme tid eller i 999 lod
kongen indenfor Ladehammeren ved Nidaros bygge den
berømte drage, som han kaldte Ormen lange i modsæt-
ning til den ovennævnte, der nu fik navnet korte. Den
var meget større end noget andet skib, som da fandtes i
1) Heimskr. ed. Unger p. 591—592.
Vigfusson II, 65. *) Norske Magasin I, 566, 571.
between the «Dragon», the «Skeid» and the «Busse»,
there existed any real difference, but it is most probable
that, in all essential points, they resembled each other.
Thus, the ship built by King Harald Haardraade
in Nidaros 1060") which further on shall be more -
closely described, is now called «skeid» and again
»bussi», and in a fragment of another Saga’), as
pendent to the story, how Harald had the dragon-
heads set on the same ship, it is even added, that it
might then be called by whichsoever name one chose,
a «skeid», or a «dragon». In 1244 there is also
mention of an Icelandic ship under the designation
hifdabussan*), consequently adorned with heads at the
prow and the stern. Besides, in a rescript of 1330
«the King’s own Ship and busser» are named, and
in a later resolution of 1445 «the King’s own vessels
and large sea going ships in old times called busser»
are named‘),
Touching kings’ and Chieftains’ warships, with refer-
ence to their names, sizes, equipment, decoration and the
number of their crews &c. &c., these are matters best
dealt with, when the most remarkable ships of the kind
named, shall be set forth in chronological order.
Thorolf Kveldulfsson, the chieftain who lived at
Sandnes in Nordland, caused in 872—873 a large long-
ship to be built and the dragon’s head set thereon*).
King Olaf Trygvason about 997 had a long-ship built
on the sands by the Nidelv®). It was of the «snekke»
class, high-stemmed with 30 divisions (rtm) and was named
the «Trane» (the crane), but was in beauty much in-
ferior to that Dragon which he a short time afterwards
captured from the Chief Raud the Strong in Salten, and
which was at that period «the most beautiful ship in
inall Norway». This ship he named the serpent, «because
the sails when filled by the wind, would represent the dra-
gon’s wings.» This vessel also had 30 divisions (rim),
but was large in proportion thereto (mikit at pur). The
prow bore the dragon’s head and the stern was curved
outward in a crook (Ærökr) like a tail (5407 dr); the figure-
head, stern and both curves (svirir) were gilt". At
about the same period or in 999 the King had built
inside the Ladehammer by Nidaros the far famed
Dragon, that he named «the long Serpent» in contra-
distinction from the afore named serpent which now
obtained the name ot «the short.» This was much
larger than any other vessel then to be found in the
2) G. Storm, Snorre Sturlassons Historieskrivn. p. 252. 3) Sturlung. s. ed.
5) Egils s. kap. 9.
5) Heimskr. p. 185. YA Ib. 192,
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