Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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hvorpaa høvdingen steg op for at have bedre udsigt
over skibet og dets omgivelser!).
Naar skibet laa i havn, blev det mod natten over-
dækket med telt (tjald).
støtter og en horisontal aas (fjaldåss, tjaldstöng), hvor-
Dertil hørte de nysnævnte
over tøjet blev strammet fra begge sider afskibet. Tøjet
var undertiden til prydelse stribet (stafadr) med forskjel-
lige farver. Naar det forresten heder i Egilssaga?) ‘om
Kveldulf, at han bed sine folk gaa langs skibets sider og
hugge teltet af kloverne (hlofi), eller der paa et andet
sted *) teltet,
kommer det mig rimeligere, at tøjets nederste kanter
tales om at rive løst (spretta) fore-
(tjaldskör) ved snore vare fæstede til rælingen, end, som
Fritzner i sin ordbog (under klofi) mener, at der ogsaa
paa dette sted anvendtes smaa teltstolper. Derimod kan
det neppe med nogen sikkerhed afgjøres, om teltet uden
afbrydelse strakte sig fra agterenden til henimod skibets
forende, eller om ikke snarere løftingen, saaledes som or-
det lyptingartjald paa det sidstnævnte sted i sagaerne
kunde vise, havde sit eget telt, saa at der følgelig mel-
lem dets forende og det større telts bagside var en aab-
ning. Forevrigt omtales det engang i 1094*), at man,
naar det var mørkt, havde lys (ljös) under teltet.
De hoveder af forskjelligt slags, der til prydelse
anbragtes paa skibenes stavne, udgjorde neppe nogen
fast del af disse, men vare løse, saa at de, ligesom
nu ved gallionsfigurer, kunde tages af og sættes paa efter
behag. I alle fald nævnes dette nogle gange”), og om
det hoved, Olaf den hellige selv havde skaaret, siges®),
at det senere lenge blev brugt i Norge paa skibe, som
høvdinger styrede.
Blandt de vaaben, enhver af mandskabet maatte have
paa ledingsskibene, var ifølge den ældre Gulathings- og
Frostathingslov et skjold. Dette var af træ og skulde
have 3 jernspanger (jarnspöng) tversover og et haandtag
Efter
nyere landslov skulde skjoldet være rødt og med dobbelt
bordlag (tvibyrdr).
og Olaf den helliges mænd havde hvide med forgyldt,
rødt eller blaat kors3).
var kantet med jernbaand (jarnrendr), og undertiden, at
(mundridi), som fæstedes indentil med jernsøm.
Ellers nævnes røde eller hvide skjolde”),
Nogle gange omtales, at skjoldet
pladen var af lindetræ, hvorfor selve skjoldet kaldtes lind
*) Konungasög. ed. Unger p. 60, 173, 186, Flateyarb. II, 678.
591, Landnåmab. 258, Flateyarb. III. 41. 9 Heimskr. 251.
Nicolaysen. Langskibet.
*) Kap.27.
") Ib. 115, 482, 517, 572, Konungasög. p. 517.
raised. On this the chieftain mounted in order to have
a better view of the ship and its surroundings )).
When the ship lay in harbour, it was, at night
time covered with a tilt (fjald) to which the recently
named pillars and a ridge-pole belonged (fjaldåss, tjald-
støng). Over this latter the cloth was stretched from
both sides of the ship.
the cloth was striped in various colors.
Sometimes for ornament’s sake
When it is
recorded in Egil’s saga?) concerning Kveldulf, that he bade
his people go along the ship’s sides and cut the tilt
from its fastenings (&lofi) or when in another passage?) the
ripping up (spretta) of the tent is spoken of, to me it would
seem more probable that the lowest edges of the cloth
(tjaldskör) were fastened to the gunwale with ropes than,
as Fritzner states under the word klofi in his dictionary,
that here small tent-pillars were likewise used. On the other
hand it can hardly with certainty be decided whether
the tent extended from the vessel’s stern to nearly its stem
continuously, or whether not, rather the lofting, as indeed
the word (lyptingartjald), applied to it in the last na-
med saga, would seem to imply, had its own peculiar
tilt, so that an opening way was consequently found be-
tween its fore- and the larger tent’s aft-end. Further
it is once stated, 1094*), that, when it was dark, lights
(408) were used under the tent.
The heads of different kinds, that, for the pur-
pose of embellishment, were set up on the prow of
the vessels, were most probably, not fixed there per-
manently, but were left movable, so that, like the figure-
heads of our own day, they could be removed and
replaced at pleasure. At all events this is several times®)
mentioned; and of the head St. Olaf had himself carved,
it is recorded®) that it was afterwards for a long period
used in Norway on ships commanded by Chieftains.
Among the weapons with which each of the crew
had to be provided on the ships of war, the old Gula-
and Frostathings-law specify a shield. This was made
of wood, and should have placed, crosswise on its (outer)
surface, three iron bands (jarnspöng) and a handle (mundridi)
Under
the more recent law, the shield was to be red and with
Red or white
shields are also elsewhere*) mentioned, and St. Olaf’s
fastened by iron nails to the inner surface.
a double layer of boards (tvibyrér).
men had white shields, decorated with gilded, red or blue
crosses*). In some places it is stated that the edge of
the shield was bound with pieces of iron (jarnrendr), also
that sometimes its plate was of linden wood, wherefore
the shield itself was called linden (lind) or lindenshield
*)- Tb. ps.637.. *) Ib. p, 208,
8) Heimskr. p. 251.
5
3) Heimskr. ed. Unger p. 562.
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