Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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eller lindiskjoldr. Det samme er tilfældet med et brud-
stykke af et skjold fra ca. 1100, som fandtes 1880 paa
Korsødegaarden i Stange paa Hedemarken; det har været
rundt, ca. 43 cm.i tvermaal, med halvkugleformet bule midt
paa; brættet er 1 cm. tykt og har havt noget jernbeslag’).
Den eneste gjenstand hos os, som viser haandtagets form
efter den ældre jernalder, er, saavidt bekjendt, stolen
(ca. 1300) fra Tyldals kirke?), hvor haandtaget paa det
her ogsaa runde skjold er af træ og gaar tvers over
af brættet.
- hvis der ikke var udsigt til kamp, men vel kun, naar man
hele bagsiden Ombord bleve skjoldene,
forlod hjemmet eller kom ind i havn, som det synes i al-
mindelighed ophængte paa skibets stavne eller dets sider’),
saaledes at hvert skjold lagdes (skara af skör) over det
nærmestes kant*), hvad der ogsaa kan sees af en brakteat*)
og af broderiet i Bayeux, dog have skjoldene paa begge
Mulig
var det en efterligning af den her omhandlede skik, naar
disse steder sin plads indenfor skibets ræling.
der paa den oven (s. 26) nævnte galei, som byggedes i
Bergen 1566, blev gjort 20 skjolde, der maledes.
Det staar nu kun igjen at omtale det sidste slags af
de egentlige skibe eller handelsfartøjet (kaupskip),
der træffes med forskjellige navne : byrdingr, knörr, kuggi-
Hvad der hos os i middelalderen egentlig udgjorde forskjel-
len mellem et handelsskib og et langskib, har hidtil neppe
nogensteds været paavist, skjønt det meget vel lader sig
gjøre. Af hvad der ovenfor er anført om de egentlige
skibe følger, at handelsskibet ikke adskilte sig fra lang-
skibet ved konstruktion, hovedform, mast, sejl eller ror,
skjønt tømmeret i det første vel var sværere og masten
højere, men længden mindre; ligeledes var hint som dette,
om end sjeldnere, udsmykket med maling og tillagt et eget
navn. Derimod havde handelsskibet ingen hoveder paa
stavnene, heller ikke, i alle fald nogen fremtrædende vind-
fløj, som det synes, og selvfølgelig ingen skjolde. Mand-
skabet var neppe heller større end højst nødvendigt for
skibets bestemmelse, skjønt nogen opgave over folketal-
let kun kjendes i ét tilfælde, da besætningen udgjorde
8—10 mand. I modsætning til langskibet var ogsaa hele
længden mellem begge øserum optaget af ladningen (bulkt,
bunki, farmr), der ofte højnede sig langt over rælingen,
ligesom endnu paa Nordfarjægterne, men naar den fik
1) Aarsber. f. 1880 fra Foren. t. n. Fortidsm. Bev. p. 184.
63, 198.
(lindiskjoldr). This is also the case with the fragment
of a shield of date about 1100, discovered 1880, at
The shield
circular about 43 cm. in diameter, with
the Korsödegaard in Stange, Hedemark.
has been
a semiglobular boss in the centre; the disc 1 cm.
thick and, originally, iron-mounted!). The only relic
we, so far as is known, possess, to show the form of
the handle, later than the older iron age, is a chair?) (of
date about 1300) from Tyldal’s church, where the handle
of this, also round shield is of wood, and crosses the
whole back surface of its disc. Onboardship when
there was no immediate prospect of battle, but no doubt
only when leaving homeport or when coming to harbour,
the ordinary custom seems to have been to suspend the
shields at prow and stern, or along the ship’s sides”),
and so that each shield lay somewhat over the edge*)
(skara of skör) of its neighbour, as seen in a bracteat*),
and in the Bayeux tapestry, but, in both of these instances,
within the gunwale. It was possibly in imitation of
this custom, that the aforementioned galley (p. 26),
built in Bergen 1566, had 20 shields which were painted.
One class only of ships properly speaking now re-
mains for notice, the merchant ship (kaupskip) that
we find under various names: byrdingr, knörr, kuggi. The
specific difference among us, during the middle ages,
between a trading ship and a long- or warship, has
hitherto scarcely anywhere been shown, although this
might easily be done. From what has already been
stated respecting ships properly speaking, it follows that the
trading ship was not distinguished from the war-ship by
any peculiarity of construction, general form, mast, sail
or rudder; although, in the first named the timbers were
probably stouter, its mast of greater height, but the length
less; likewise the one as well as the other, though more
rarely, was ornamented by painting and assigned a
On the other hand the merchant-ship
carried no figure head at the prow or stern, neither as it
proper name.
would seem any, or if any, not any prominent pennant,
nor, as a matter of course, any shields. The crew, too, was
not more numerous than just requisite for the ship itself;
*) Grettis sag. kap. 19, Njåls s. kap. 85, Sturlung. sag. ed. Vigftisson II, 53.
though in one instance only, an enumeration is found
wherein 8—10 men are shown to have been the whole
number on board. Further, in contradistinction from the
war-ship, its entire length between the wells was taken
up by the cargo (bulki, bunki, farmr), which was fre-
quently piled high above the gunwale, as still practised
on the Nordland-yachts; but the cargo stowed in the hold,
3) Flateyarb. II, 602, ILI,
5) Atlas f. nord. Oldkynd. fig. 155.
3 Aarsb. f. 1879 p. 20 fø tær.
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