Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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plads i rummet, maaske ligesom paa disse, overdække-
des af skraaliggende flaker, skjønt saadanne ikke nævnes.
Der kunde saaledes ej blive anvendelse for noget beskyt-
tende telt om natten, undtagen i forenden og agterenden.
Hvad der dog væsentligst dannede forskjellen mellem begge
slags skibe, vil klarest vise sig af tre beretninger i sa-
gaerne. Det fortælles saaledes for det første!), at da kong
Sverre i 1199 i Nidaros havde taget nogle byrdinger
for at bruges som langskibe, lod han dem »hugge i
stykker», hvilket vel vil sige, at de bleve skaarne over paa
midten; dernæst øgede han dem i kjølen og indrettede dem
til »at roes langs hele skibssiden». I 12072) se vi ligele-
des, hvorledes omdannelsen af et handelsskib til langskib
foregik, idet Baglerne, efterat de, for at kunne staa sig
imod Birkebenernes bordhøje skibe, i Tønsberg havde
taget to kogger og syv østersøfarere, sloge skanseklæd-
ningen (? wig?) fra, gjorde aarehuller (håbora) i siderne
og lagde tiljer paa tverbaandene (bifi. Og endelig da
kong Haakon i 12213) beredede sig til en kamp med
Ribbungerne, blev det besluttet, at smaaskibene skulde
fare først og storskibene strax efter med staaende ma-
ster, for at Ribbungerne skulde tro, at skibene kun
bestode af smaaskibe eller byrdinger. Dette lykkedes og.
Men da Ribbungerne kom nær ind paa smaaskibene, og
saa de forgyldte vindfløje (vedrviti) paa storskibene glitre
i solskinnet, fik de den rette mening om disse. Det
fremgaar følgelig af disse fortællinger, at handelsskibe ej
vare rofartøjer, hvorfor de maatte ligge vejrfaste, naar
det var stille eller vinden ugunstig; endvidere, at de ikke
havde tiljer, undtagen sandsynligvis foran og agtenfor
ladningen, da de ellers maatte være i vejen for denne;
og endelig, at masten under hele farten altid stod op-
reist, og først blev nedlagt, naar skibet imod vinteren
fik sin plads i nøstet. Den mest levende forestilling om
middelalderens handelsskibe vil udentvil fremkomme, naar
vi tænke os de nuværende Nordfarjægter med sideror og
spids agterende og forresten saaledes, som de vare for
40—50 aar siden, eller før man paa disse jægter havde
begyndt med at bruge bougspridt, agtermast og topsejl.
Efter alt dette kan den væsentligste forskjel mellem
farkosterne baade i den yngre jernalder og meget senere
1) Konungasøg. ed. Unger p. 165. Vy bi 1230.
(again, as on those yachts), it may be was covered
with flakes laid slantwise, although of the latter no
mention is made. No tilt could therefore be used for
‘shelter at night, unless it were placed fore or aft. What
however constituted the essential distinction between the
two classes of vessels, is most obviously shown by three
Thus, in the first of these, it
is said‘), that when, at Nidaros in 1199, King Sverre had
narratives in the sagas.
pressed some trading craft, for use as vessels of war, he
directed them «to be hewed in pieces», meaning, as is
supposed, that they were cut through transversely amid-
ships, and he then lengthened their keels and fitted their
sides so that they might be used as rowing ships».
We also see”) how, in 1207, the conversion of a tradingship
into a war ship was effected, inasmuch as the Baglers,
in order more effectivily to defend themselves against. the
Birkebeiners high boarded vessels, after having at Tunsberg
taken possession of two «cogs» and seven Baltic trading
ships, cut away their bulwarks (? wigi), pierced oar holes
(håbora) in their sides, and
the beams (biti).
King Haakon prepared himself for hostilities against
the Ribbungs*), it was decided that the small ships
should sail in the van, and the big ships immediately
laid flooring (tiljer) on
And to conclude, when in 1221,
in their rear with the masts standing, in order that
the Ribbungs might be beguiled into believing that
his fleet was entirely made up of small vessels or trad
But when
the Ribbungs came close upon the small-ships and saw
ing craft. This stratagem was successful.
the gilded pennants (vedrviti) of the big ships glittering in
the sunlight, they came speedily to a right understanding
of what they actually were. These stories, consequently,
show that trading vessels were not propelled by oars,
and must therefore lie weather-bound during a calm or
with a foul wind ; further, that they had no flooring except
probably fore and abaft the cargo, since such would else have
been an impediment to the cargo; and lastly, that, through-
out a voyage, their mast was up, and was not taken down
until the vessel, when winter came, was placed in the
boat house. The most strikings representation of the
trading vessels of the middle ages would doubtless be
obtained, did we imagine the present Nordland yachts
with a rudder at the side, sharp at their stern, and,
in all other respects, such as they were 40—s0 years
ago, that is to say, before they had been fitted with
jigger mast, bowsprit and topsail.
suffice
Hence few words will
set forth the most
definitively to
essential points of difference
3) Ib. 186, Flateyarb. III, 41.
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