Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages - III. Beskrivelse over skibet og de øvrige fundne gjenstande / Description of the ship, and the relics discovered
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tid med faa ord fastsættes saaledes. Baadene havde
løse tofter, tiljer i bunden, aarer med tilhørende keiper,
desuden mast og sejl. Karven var mestendels, som
det synes, kun et rofartøj med sesser eller bænke og hul-
ler for aarerne samt tiljer, men paa tverbaandene eller
biterne. Langskibet var et krigsskib med bænke, aare-
huller og tiljer ligesom karven men med sejl og mast,
som dog lagdes ned, naar man ikke havde brug derfor,
Handelsskibet endelig var udelukkende et sejlfartøj
med altid staaende mast, men uden tiljer undtagen forud
og agter.
Denne udsigt over vort ældre skibsvæsen kan sluttes
med en bemerkning eller et ønske. Ovenfor (s.25,26) blev an-
ført, at navnene paa flere slags af vore gamle skibe ere laante
fra sydligere lande. Dette var vel tilfældet ogsaa med en-
del andre ord, som knytte sig til samme kreds. Men uden-
tvil havde flere benævnelser eller sømandsudtryk, der fra
gammel tid af bleve fælles for hele det nordlige Eu-
ropa, sit egentlige hjem her i Norden. Det vilde derfor
være en interessant opgave for en filolog, fortrolig med
de gamle germanske og romanske sproglevninger, at ud-
rede, hvad der af det nævnte fællesgods var indkommet
til os fra sydlandene og hvad disse derimod havde
laant fra Norden. Dette vil da staa som ct klart
minde om den store betydning, sølivet i de nordiske
lande fik gjennem vikingetiden.
Jeg gaar dernæst over til at omtale, hvad der fand-
tes i gravhaugen paa Gokstad.
36
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between the vessels both of the later iron age and
those of a much more recent period. The boats
had loose thwarts, a flooring at their bottom, oars
with angular rowlocks («keiper») appurtenant, and be-
sides, mast and sail. The «carve» was almost exclu-
sively as it seems a rowing craft with benches, ports
formed to admit the oars, together with a flooring in
the hold, but laid on the beams. The longship
was a war-ship with benches, oars and flooring like
the «carve», but equipped with sail and mast, which
however were lowered, when not in use. The mer-
chant-ship, finally, was exclusively a sailing ship,
with a fast standing-mast, but without flooring, except
aft and fore.
This review of our ancient shipping may be clo-
sed with one remark, or rather wish. It has been before
(pp. 25, 26) noted that the names of many kinds of our ves-
sels have been borrowed from more southern countries.
This, too, was possibly the case with some other words
belonging to the same sphere. Yet, without doubt,
many designations, or nautical phrases, which from the
olden time had become common to the whole of nor-
thern Europe, had their origin in and from our North.
For a philologist, therefore, familiar with the remains
of the old German and Roman languages, it would
be an interesting task to determine which portion
of such common property had come to us from
more southern lands, and which, on the other hand,
had been borrowed from the North. The latter would
then stand forth as a living memorial of the great
importance of sea life during the viking-period in northern
lands.
I shall now proceed to relate the discoveries in the
Gokstad tumulus.
ITT.
Ovenfor (s. 4) have vi seet, at det fundne skib
vendte forstavnen mod vejen, og deraf følger igjen, at
det stod mod søen, ligesom Tunebaaden (s. 12), og nær-
mest i retning med Midtfjorden. Selve skibet er frem-
stillet paa pl. I, II og dets gravkammer paa pl. III,
W. have already (pag. 4) seen that the discovered
ship had its stem turned towards the highway, and thence
it follows, that, like the Tune-boat (pag. 12), it lay
towards the Sea, and very nearly in line with the Midt-
fjord. The vessel itself is delineated in Pl. I. II. and
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