Hergen works the company mainly manufacture nitrate of lime, calnitro, nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, concentrated nitric acid, nitrate of ammonia, and liquid ammonia. PAPER Of the superficial area of Norway 23 per cent. is woodland. It is therefore natural that the convertion of timber into paper, pulp, and sawn and planed wood figures very prominently in national accounts. This is clearly reflected in the fact that manufactures under this head are respon- sible for nearly one-third of the total export trade of Norway. The Norwegian paper industry is not of very old date. It is typically national in character, having its roots in the country itself and its people; and it is doubly important in that it converts one of the principal raw products of the country — timber — into an article of con- sumption and not merely into a semi-manufacture. It yields a livelihood to a great number of work- people directly connected with the industry, and to a still larger number of forestry workers who find employment in supplying the raw material, and whose existence is directly dependent on the growth and prosperity of the paper trade. The invention of the paper-making machine in 1799 completely revolutionised the making of 97