paper, which gradually changed over from a handicraft to a large-scale industry. The first paper-making machine in this country was in- stalled in 1833, but it was not until the *sixty-seven- ties that the manufacture of paper attained any very great commercial importance. In those years several of Norway’s oldest and still-existing mills were founded, but the output still remained at a modest figure. Although the number of mills gradually increased, the output as recently as the turn of the century did not exceed 60,000 tons. Then followed the really great revival of the paper industry, which at the outbreak of the Great War comprised no less than fifty mills (paper, card- board and other boards). In recent years only a few new mills have been added to the list, but, on the other hand, mills and methods have under- gone comprehensive modernisation and rationali- sation. In 1929 the output reached its peak at rather more than 400,000 tons of paper, cardboard, ete. Of the total production only approximately 15 per cent. is absorbed by the home market, the remaining 85 per cent. being shipped to foreign markets. Many countries eclipse Norway as paper manu- facturers, but the majority of them primarily supply the home trade. Norway, on the other hand — and this applies also to Sweden and Finland — is entirely dependent on export mar- kets. Norway is not a dominating factor in the 98