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330 THE BLOOD.
p. m. sugar. The blood-corpuscles of the ox, sheep, horse, pig, cat and
guinea-pig do not contain any sugar according to these last-mentioned
investigators. On the contrary the blood-plasma as well as the blood-
corpuscles contain a non-fermentable reducing substance. The quan-
tity of this in the human blood-corpuscles is 0.6 p. m. according to
Lyttkens and Sandgren and in the blood-corpuscles of different
animals an average of 0.44-0.8 p. m. calculated as glucose. The quan-
tity of the non-fermentable bodies in the blood-plasma of the animals
investigated by them was 0.3 to 0.5 p. m.
The quantity of glucose in the blood cannot be exactly determined.
As the blood also contains other reducing substances besides glucose the
total reduction naturally cannot be used as an exact value for the glucose
content; and it must also be added that the different methods do not
give uniform results. Thus on using the methods of Knapp and Bang,
which give the total reduction, higher values are obtained than with
Allihn’s or Bertrand’s methods, in which the quantity of precipitated
cuprous oxide is determined. The polarization method cannot give
exact results because of the presence of other optically active substances
and objections can also be raised against the fermentation method.1
On using this last method Otto 2
first observed, and was substantiated
later by others, namely Bang and his co-workers, that the blood contained
non-fermentable bodies which reduced Knapp’s (and also Bang’s) solu-
tion. The remaining reduction "rest reduction" after the fermenta-
tion cannot be detected according to Bertrand’s titration method.
The nature of this reducing but not fermentable substance occurring
in the plasma as well as in the blood-corpuscles is not known. The
assumption of Jacobsen, Bing, and Henriques 3
that this question-
able substance is jecorin or lecithin sugar does not have sufficient founda-
tion, and the question of the identity with jecorin is doubtful and is con-
nected with the question as to the existence of jecorin at all. The
conjugated glucuronic acids have also been considered and according
to the investigations of Mayer, Lepine and Boulud 4
they occur in
blood and originate in the form-elements. For these assumptions we
do not have sufficient support, and especially we have no explanation
1
In regard to methods see Bang, Der Blutzucker, Wiesbaden, 1913 which also
describes a new method suggested by him for the determination of sugar in very small
amounts of blood.
2
Pfluger’s Arch., 35.
3
Jacobson, Centralbl. f. physiol. 6; Bing, Skand. Arch. f. physiol., 9; Henriques,
Zeitechr. f. physiol Chem., 23. See also P. Mayer, Bioch. Zeitschr., 1 and 4.
4
Mayer, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 32; Lepine and Boulud, Compt. Rend., 133,
135, 136, 138, 141 and Journ. de Physiol., 7 (cited from Bioch. Centralbl., 4, page 421).
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