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578 MUSCLES.
from meat extracts, which yields as cleavage products succinic acid, paralactic
acid, carbon dioxide, phosphoric acid, and a carbohydrate group, besides the
previously mentioned carnic acid, which is identical with or nearly related to
antipeptone. It stands, according to Siegfried, in close relation to the nucleins,
and as it yields peptone (carnic acid), it is designated as a nucleon by Siegfried.
Phosphocarnic acid may be precipitated as an iron compound, carniferrine, from
the extract of the muscles free from proteins. The quantity of phosphocarnic
acid, calculated as carnic acid, can be determined by multiplying the quan-
tity of nitrogen in the compound by the factor 6.1237 (Balke and Ide). In
this way Siegfried found 0.57-2.4 p. m. carnic acid in the resting muscles
of the dog, and AI. Muller 1-2 p. m. in the muscles of adults and a maximum
of 0.57 p. m. in those of new-born infants. According to Cavazzani nucleon
occurs to a much greater extent in oysters, namely, an average of 3.725 p. m.
It also occurs, as he and Manicardi found, in the plant kingdom. Phospho-
carnic acid has not been prepared in the pure state and possesses on this account
a variable composition; according to Siegfried it serves as a source of energy
in the muscles and is consumed during work. Besides, by means of its property
of forming soluble salts with the alkaline earths, as also an iron combination
soluble in alkalies, it acts as a means of transportation for these bodies in the
animal body.
Phosphocarnic acid is prepared from the extract free from protein by first
removing the phosphate by CaCl2 and NH3 . . The acid is precipitated as carnifer-
rine by ferric chloride from the filtrate while boiling.
From Liebig’s extract of beef Kutscher has isolated besides the above-
mentioned ignotine and novaine, several other bodies, neosine, CeH^NCK, which
according to Kutscher and Ackermann is a homologue of choline, vitiatine
(as gold salt, CoHi4 X6.2HC1.2AuCls ), carnomuscarine, methylguanidine (also found
by Gulewitsch), oblitine, CisHssXoOs, which probably contains two novaine
groups, which corresponds well with Krimberg’s view, and also choline and
murine. From dog muscles Ackermann 1
has isolated a platinum compound,
CnH3oX204PtCl6, of a base called myocynine, which seems to be a hexamethyl-
ornithine. Micro 2
found in meat extracts small quantities of alanine, glutamic
acid, taurine and inosite, but no dipeptides. In crab extract Kutscher and Ack-
ermann found no creatine and creatinine, but among others betaine and two new
bases, crangitine, CY(Hi0 X2O4 , and crangonine, C13H26X2O3. In crab muscles Suzuki 3
and collaborators found a base, canirine which although it has the same composi-
tion. C6H14X2O2, as lysine, is not identical therewith.
The base musculamine, isolated by Etard and Vila on the hydrolysis of veal,
is nothing but cadaverine, according to Posternak. 1
We must also include among the nitrogenous extractives those bodies which
were first discovered by Gautier, 6
and which occur only in very small quantities,
namely, the leucomaines, xanthocreatinine, C5H10H4O, crusocreatinine, C5H8N4O,
amphicreatine, C9H19X7O4, and pseudoxanthine, C4H5X5O.
Ide, ibid., 21, and Balke, ibid., 22; Macleod, ibid., 28; E. Cavazzani, Centralbl. f.
Physiol., 18, 666; Panella, Maly’s Jahresber., 34.
1
Kutscher, Zeitschr. f. Unters. d. Nahrungs- u. Genussmittel, 10, 11, Centralbl.
f. Physiol., 19 and 21, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 48, 49, 50, 51, with Ackermann,
ibid., 56; Gulewitsch. ibid., 47; Krimberg, ibid., 56; Ackermann (on myocynine).
Zeitschr. f. biol. 59.
2 Zeitsfhr. f. physiol. Chem., 56.
Kutscher and Ackermann, Zeitschr. f. Unters. d. Nahrungs- u. Genuarnittel, 13
and 14; Suzuki, Chem. Centralbl. 1913, 1.
4
Etard and Vila, Cornpt. Rend., 135; Posternak, ibid., 135.
8
See M:.ly’s Jahresber., 16, 523.
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