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CONJUGATED GLUCURONIC ACIDS. 751
diabetes and found that the above expectation was not realised. Although
large quantities of cainpho-gluciironic acid were excreted, the sugar
excretion was only slightly diminished and not in proportion to the
quantity of conjugated glucuronatc excreted. These negative results
are contradicted by the positive- results obtained by Paul Mayer.1
Rabbits normally convert almost all the camphor introduced into con-
jugated glucuronic acid. Mayer claims that if we allow a rabbit to
starve several days, the animal becomes so poor in the mother-substance
(glycogen) yielding the glucuronic acid that the introduction of camphor
only brings about an elimination of small quantities of glucuronic acid.
By the simultaneous administration of camphor and glucose while
starvation is going on, the elimination of glucuronic acid rises again to
the same height as it was before the starvation period. This shows that
the sugar had conjugated itself with the camphor as glucuronic acid.
Hildebrandt 2
has also made experiments showing that glucuronic acid
can very likely be formed from sugar. The observations of Mayer are
not substantiated by the recent investigations of Fenyvessy,3
and the
observers do not agree on this question.
The conjugated glucuronic acids are formed, based upon the investi-
gations of Sundwik, Fischer and Piloty,4
by a combination taking
place first between the conjugator and the glucose by means of the alde-
hyde group, and then the end alcohol group, CHoOH, is oxidized to COOH.
The conjugated glucuronic acids, at least in most cases, seem to be con-
structed after the glucoside type, a view which has received further
support by the synthesis of phenolglucuronic acid and euxanthonglu-
curonic acids by Neuberg and Neimann.5
Based upon their cleavage
(as far as they have been investigated) by kephir lactase and emulsin,
but not by yeast lactase (Neuberg and Wohlgemuth 6
), the conjugated
glucuronic acids must belong to the /3-series of glucosides. We also
know of certain conjugated glucuronates that are constructed upon the
ester type, namely, the dimethylaminobenzoicglucuronate, discovered
by Jaff:e and also the benzoicglucuronic acid, after feeding benzoic
acid (Magnus-Levy 1
7
According to the body with which they are conjugated the glucuronates
vary in behavior. On taking up water they split into glucuronic acid
1
Zeitschr. f. klin. Med.. 47.
2 Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 44.
8
See Maly’s Jahresber., 34.
4
E. Sundwik, Akademische Abhandlung Helsingfors, 18S6; see also Maly’s Jahr-
esber., 16, 76; Fischer and Piloty, Ber. d. d. chem. Gesellsch., 24.
B
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 44.
6
See Neuberg, Ergebnisse der Physiologic, Bd. 3, Abt. 1, 444.
7
Jaffe, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 43; Magnus-Levy, Bioch. Zeitschr., 6.
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