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798 URINE.
crystalline state by Hammarsten * from the urine of insane women after
sulfonal intoxication. According to Garrod and Saillet 2 traces of
hsematoporphyrin (Saillet’s urospectrin) regularly occur in normal
urines. It is also found in the urine during different diseases. It was
found in great abundance in a case of typhoid fever (Arnold 3
) but
otherwise it generally occurs only in small amounts. It has been found in
considerable quantities in the urine after the lengthy use of sulfonal.
Urine containing hsematoporphyrin is sometimes only slightly colored,
while in other cases, as for example, after the use of sulfonal, it is more
or less deep red. In these last-mentioned cases the color depends, in
greatest part, not upon the hsematoporphyrin, but upon other red or
reddish-brown pigments which have not been sufficiently studied.
In the detection of small quantities of hsematoporphyrin proceed as
suggested by Garrod. Precipitate the urine with a 10-per cent caustic-
soda solution (20 cc. for every 100 cc. of urine). The phosphate pre-
cipitate containing the pigment is dissolved in alcohol-hydrochloric acid
(15-20 cc.) and the solution investigated with the spectroscope. In more
exact investigations make the solution alkaline with ammonia, add enough
acetic acid to dissolve the phosphate precipitate, shake with chloroform,
which takes up the pigment, and test this solution with the spectroscope.
In the presence of larger quantities of hsematoporphyrin the urine
is first precipitated, according to Salkowski, with an alkaline barium-
chloride solution (a mixture of equal volumes of barium-hydroxide solu-
tion, saturated in the cold, and a 10-per cent barium-chloride solution),
or, according to Hammarsten,4 with a barium-acetate solution. The
washed precipitate, which contains the hsematoporphyrin, is allowed
to stand some time at the temperature of the room, with alcohol contain-
ing hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, and then filtered. The nitrate shows
the characteristic spectrum of hsematoporphyrin in acid solution and gives
the spectrum of alkaline hsematoporphyrin after saturation with ammonia.
If the alcoholic solution is mixed with chloroform and a large quantity
of water added and carefully shaken, sometimes a lower layer of chloro-
form is obtained which contains very pure hsematoporphyrin, while the
upper layer of alcohol and water contains the other pigments besides
some hsematoporphyrin.
Other methods which have no advantage over this one of Garrod have been
suggested by Riva and Zoja as well as Saillet. 5
Baumstark 6
found in a case of leprosy two characteristic coloring-matters
in the urine, " urorubrohsematin " and " urofuscohsematin," which, as their
1
Salkowski, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 15; Hammarsten, Skand. Arch. f. Physiol., 3.
2
Garrod, Journ. of Physiol., 13 (contains review of literature) and 17; Saillet,.
Revue de Mi’decine, 16.
3
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 82.
* Salkowski, 1. c; Hammarsten, 1. c.
6
Riva and Zoja, Maly’s Jahresber., 24; Saillet, 1. c. See also Nebelthau, Zeitschr.
f. physiol. Chem., 27.
6
Pfliiger’s Arch., 9.
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