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F J E R D E B I L A G 221
v o n K o p e n h a g e n g e w a c h s e n sin d , u n d der K u n stle r p fleg t s e lb s t
d arau f h in z u w e ise n , d a ss die n e u n z e h n a n se h n lic h e n G ran it-
S a u le n in der z w e ite n E ta g e der H a lle a u s d em F la c h la n d e
D a n em a rk sta m m en .
B e i der A u sa r b e itu n g s e in e s E n tw u r fe s w a r der B a u m e iste r
b e str e b t, je d e s e in z e ln e k o n str u k tiv e G lied so zu fo r m en , d a ss
se in e B e d e u tu n g je d e m klar w u r d e , u n d er m a ch te e s sic h zu r
b e so n d e r e n A u fg a b e , die k o n str u k tiv e n u n d d ek o ra tiv en T e ile
se lb sta n d ig zu form en . N ir g e n d s ist n a ch a k a d e m isc h e r W e is e
zu riick g eg riffen w o r d e n a u f die u b erlieferten F o rm en d er A n tik e
u n d der R e n a issa n c e . S o w o h l a ls G a n zes a ls in se in e n T e ile n
so llte d a sK o p e n h a g e n e r R a th a u s se in e e ig e n e S p r a ch e sp r e c h e n .
U n d die Id een d es B a u m e iste r s w u r d e n w illig u n d m it V e r stå n d -
n is a u fg en o m m e n u n d a u sg efiih rt v o n d en B ild h a u e r n u n d D e -
k o ra tio n sm a lern , w e lc h e u n ter ih m a rb eiteten . J ed er m a n n v er -
steh t, w a s e s b ed eu tet, d a ss d a s g r o sse v e r g o ld e te B ild n is d es
G ru n d ers der S ta d t m itten an der F r o n tse ite d es R a th a u se s
p ran gt u b er d em B a lk o n , v o n w e lc h e m b ei feie rlic h e n G e le g e n -
h eiten zu r V o lk sm e n g e a u f d em R a th a u sp la tz g er ed et w ird (F ig.
224). D er G eist d ie se s g r o sse n S ta a tsm a n n e s u n d V a te rla n d sfr eu n -
d es so li iib er der V e r sa m m lu n g sc h w e b e n . U n d e b e n so v e r stå n d -
lich ist die iib rig e p la stisc h e D ek o ra tio n d e s G eb a u d e s. A n d en
E c k e n der R iic k se ite ste h e n ein P o liz ist u n d ein F e u e r w e h r m a n n
a ls V ertreter der O rd n u n g u n d der W a c h sa m k e it, v o r d er Z in n en -
m au er der V o rd er seite ste h e n die s e c h s W å c h te r , u n d se lb st d ie
E isb a ren a u f der h o c h ste n H o h e sin d g u te B e k a n n te in d em
L a n d e , zu d e sse n B e sitz G ro n la n d g eh o rt. O b erh alb d e s E in -
g a n g e s zu r A b te ilu n g flir A r m e n p fle g e sie h t m an die H ir sc h e in
der F u tte r sc h e u n e , o b erh a lb der T u r, w e lc h e zu d en R a u m en
fuhrt, w o die A lte r su n te r stiitz u n g a u sg e z a h lt w ird , sie h t m an die
H e n n e , w e lc h e ih re F liig e l a u sb r e ite t iib er ih re K iic h le in (F ig.
181-86), an der B iirg ertrep p e sie h t m an d ie H a n d w e rk er, w e lc h e
d a s S ta d th a u s erb a u t h a b en , u n d ru n d h eru m in d en K orrid oren
sin d A lg e n u n d die n ie d e r e n T ie r e d er S e e g em a lt; sie erin n ern
daran, d a ss D a n em a rk ein In se lr e ic h ist, u n d sie g e b e n — w ie
der B a u m e iste r ein m a l g e sc h r ie b e n h at — d en en , die v o m S iid e n
h ierh er k o m m en , g le ic h sa m e in e n G e sc h m a c k v o n S a lz w a s s e r
r r f H E CITY H A L L OF CO PEN H A G EN .
I O n th e 1ith o f M ay 1885 th e M u n icip a l C o rp o ra tio n o f C o -
X p e n h a g e n r e so lv e d to erect a n e w C ity H all. S in c e th e y ea r
1815 th e M u n icip a l G o v e r n m e n t h ad its h o m e in th e C ou rt- an d
C o u n cil H o u se , th en n e w ly b u ilt, situ a ted in th e old to w n on th e
N y to rv ,sh a rin g th e p r e m ise s w ith th e p o lic e an d th e in ferior co u rts.
A t th e tim e th e M u n icip a l C o u n cil to o k up its q u arters in th e n e w
b u d d in g , th e Space w a s su fficien t, b ut, in th e c o u r se o f tim e, th e
b u s in e s s o f C ity G o v e r n m e n t in c r e a se d w ith th e C ity ’s d e v e lo p -
m en t. O ffices to e x e c u te th e b u s in e s s o f a C ity c o n ta in in g a p o p u -
la tio n o f a little o v e r 100,000 in h a b ita n ts w e r e , n a tu ra lly , to o sm a ll
w h e n th e p o p u la tio n had risen to 280,000, b y th e c e n s u s o f 1885.
M o reo v er, th e R e p r e se n ta tiv e s o f th e C ity en tire ly la ck ed
a p a rtm en ts in w h ic h to en terta in w ith fittin g d ig n ity o n c e r e -
m o n ia l o c c a sio n s. D e c e m b e r iy th 1883 th e M u n icip a l C o u n c il h ad
en tered in to n e g o tia tio n s w ith th e State to resig n its sh a re o f th e
C ou rt an d C o u n cil H o u se , an d su b se q u e n tly th e w h o le b u ild in g
w a s g iv e n up to th e In ferior C o u rts o f J u stic e an d to th e p o lic e.
A t th e m e etin g h eld on M ay n t h 1885, it w a s r e so lv e d to er ect a
C ity H a ll to a c c o m o d a te w o r th ily th e C ity C o rp o ra tio n , th e M a-
g istra c y , th e v a r io u s b o a rd s an d co m m ittee s, h ith erto lo c a te d in
v a r io u s p arts o f th e city , an d w h ic h sh o u ld a lso co n ta in a su ite
o f cerem o n ia l a p a rtm en ts.
T h e site se le c te d for th e p ro p o sed C ity H a ll w a s situ a ted on
th e C ity ’s old ram part d om ain , im m e d ia te ly so u th o f th e W e s te r n
G ate, d e m o lish e d in 1859, an d w h ic h w a s m ad e o v e r to th e C ity
in 1870. — It w a s r e so lv e d th a t th e n e w ed ifice sh o u ld b e erected
on th e sp o t w h e r e form erly th e so -c a lle d „ G y ld e n lo v e ’s B a stio n «
sto o d , w h ic h w a s razed to th e g ro u n d in 1886. W h ile e x c a v a tin g
for th e fo u n d a tio n s o f th e b u ild in g , it w a s d isc o v e r e d th a t th e se a -
m argin h ad o rig in a lly e x te n d e d to a p o in t h a lf w a y b e n e a th th e
C o u n cil H a ll, so th a t th e C ity H a ll o f th e C ap ital o f D en m a rk , to a
ex ten t, sta n d s on an a n c ie n ts e a b o tto m , a cir c u m sta n c e th a t
h a s h ad a b ea rin g on th e p la stic an d o rn a m en ta l d eco ra tio n o f
th e ed ifice (F ig. 189). L ater th is b ea ch w a s c o v e r e d u p, an d h ere
o n th e n ig h t o f th e io th F eb ru a ry 1659? th e S w e d e s m ad e th eir
(F ig. 142-46). — Zur d ek o ra tiv en A u ssta ttu n g d es R a th a u se s g e -
h o rt a u ch ein e R e ih e v o n In sch riften , te ils k u rzen S p r iic h e n te ils
N a m e n . D e n n der B a u m e iste r w a r der M ein u n g , d a ss ein e D e -
k o ra tio n n ic h t n u r flir d a s A u g e , so n d e r n a u ch fur d a s D e n k e n
u n d E m p fin d en da ist. Zu d en s c h o n s te n D e k o r a tio n e n im R a t-
h a u se g eh o rt der In sch riften fries in der R a th a u sh a lle. In F a rb en ,
in F o rm en u n d in W o r te n ist die A u ssc h m iic k u n g d es R a t-
h a u se s, a u f w e lc h e s o v ie l F le iss u n d U m sic h t v e r w e n d e t ist,
v o lk stu m lic h im b e ste n S in n e d e s W o r te s; sie fe sse lt se lb st d en -
je n ig e n , w e lc h e r o h n e V o r a u sse tz u n g e n k om m t, u n d ist a n sp re-
c h en d fur d en jen ig en , w e lc h e r ihr m it m a n ch erlei V o r a u sse t-
z u n g e n g eg en u b ertritt.
A lle s in a llem ist d as R a th a u s in se in e m g a n zen A u fb a u u n d
in se in e r g a n zen k u n stle r isc h e n W ir k u n g v o n m eh r m a lerisch er
a ls p la stisc h e r A rt. D er B a u w irk t n ich t, w ie d ie A n tik e od er die
R e n a issa n c e , d u rch g r o sse , b estim m te L in ie n u n d d u rch ein e
stre n g e , r e g e lm a ssig e E in te ilu n g der F la c h e n . M it se in e m Z in-
n en k ra n z u n d se in e n T u r m e n b ietet der B a u n a ch A rt m ittel-
a lter lich er A rc h itek tu r ein e u n e n d lic h e M en g e a b w e c h se ln d e r
S ilh o u e tte n -W ir k u n g e n , u n d m it se in e r w e c h s e ln d e n E in te ilu n g
der F la c h e n g ieb t er d em A u g e d e s B e tr a c h te r s m a n n ig fa ltig e
A n r e g u n g . A b e r n ic h t n u r die S ilh o u e tte n -W ir k u n g u n d die
E in te ilu n g e n d er F la c h e n sin d m a lerisch ; a u ch in der Z u sam -
m e n fu g u n g d er S to ffe h at m an im A e u s s e r e n u n d im In n ern d es
B a u e s n a c h m a lerisch er S c h o n h e it g estreb t. E s ist d as er ste M al,
d a ss ein e s o lc h e sto fflic h e P o ly c h r o m ie v o llig d u rch g efiih rt ist
in ein em d a n isc h e n B a u w e r k , u n d e s ist a u ch d a s er ste g r o sse
B a u w e r k , w e lc h e s in D a n em a rk v o n o b en b is u n te n ein e im
w e s e n tlic h e n se lb sta n d ig e a r c h ite k to n isc h e u n d d ek o ra tiv e G e -
sta ltu n g g efu n d en hat. W ir d u rfen u n s u b e rze u g t h a lten , d a ss
der a n m u tig -e r n ste C h arak ter d es G eb a u d e s, d a s A e u s s e r e u n d
d a s In n ere, w o r in s o w o h l der D u r c h sc h n itt d e s A llta g s a ls die
E r h e b u n g fe stlic h e r S tim m u n g zu m A u sd r u c k g e la n g t, in d en
G ru n d zu g en d a n isc h ist. W ir d iirfen a u ch d em U rteil der A r c h i-
te k te n S k a n d in a v ie n s u n d d es A u s la n d e s tra u en , w e n n sie u n s
s a g e n , d a ss d as K o p e n h a g e n e r R a th a u s a ls d a s s c h o n s te m o -
d ern e G eb a u d e in D a n em a rk d a steh t.
main assault on Copenhagen, and here still later was raised the
green rampart that at length has had to make way for the new
building. So, although the City Hall of Copenhagen lies outside
the original limits of the town, it stands upon historie ground, a
faet not overlooked by the architect.
W h e n p a rticu la rs rela tin g to req u irem en ts o f sp a c e h ad b e e n
g a th ered from th e v a r io u s d ep a rtm en ts c o n c e r n e d , a sc h e m e w a s
d ra w n up for th e e r ectio n o f a n e w ed ifice, a n d in 1888 in v ita tio n s
w e r e issu e d for se n d in g in c o m p e titiv e d e sig n s. T h e p rin cip al
stip u la tio n s w e r e th e fo llo w in g : T h e to ta l c o st o f th e ed ifice to
a m o u n t to 2,500,000 K r., y e t o f th is su m 500,000 w a s to b e a llo tted
to m e ch a n ica l c o n str u c tio n an d to fe e s for th e a rc h ite ct an d civ il
e n g in e e r s. T h e ed ifice to b e b u ilt o f n a tu ra l s to n e or b e st b rick ,
an d p la ster to b e u se d o n ly a s a g ro u n d for a rtistic d eco ra tio n .
It sh o u ld co n ta in a c o v e r e d cou rt, a v a ila b le for ce rem o n ia l fu n c-
tio n s; a b a n q u e tin g -h a ll, o ffic es for th e C ity R e p r e se n ta tiv e s an d
th e M a g istra cy , w h ic h a p a rtm en ts, to g e th e r w ith th e b a n q u e tin g -
h all, c o u ld b e u se d o n all c e rem o n ia l o c c a sio n s. T h e a p a rtm en ts
o f th e su p r e m e r e p r e se n ta tiv e to b e situ a ted on th e ch ief-flo o r,
a s w e ll a s th e o ffic es for th e fou r d ep a rtm en ts o f th e M a g istra cy
an d th e city a rch iv e. T h e to ta l flo o r -sp a c e req u ired for th e fou r
d ep a rtm e n ts c o n n e c te d w ith th e m a g istr a cy w a s to b e at le a st
6721 sq u a re m eters. T h e c o v e r e d co u rt sh o u ld b e a b o u t 1182 sq u a re
m e ters; th e b a n q u e tin g -h a ll at le a st 315 sq u a re m eters. In all, n o
le s s flo o r sp a c e th a n 9298 sq u a re m eters w a s req u ired in th e N e w
C ity H a ll. F o r th e p u r p o se o f co m p a r iso n it is in str u c tiv e to learn
th a t in th e y e a r 1800 a flo o r -sp a c e o f a b o u t 1182 sq u a re m eters
o n ly h a d b e e n req u ired for th e C ou rt an d C o u n cil H o u se .
In r e sp o n se to th e in v ita tio n , 15 d e sig n s w e r e se n t in, o f w h ic h
6 se c u r e d a w a rd s. T w o r e c e iv e d th e first a w a rd s, n a m e ly th o se o f
V a ld em a r K o ch an d M artin N y r o p (F ig. 29-33). T h e la st-n a m e d
a rch itect, b o rn in 1849, h a d lo n g e n jo y e d th e e ste e m o f h is p ro -
fe ssio n a l c o lle a g u e s. H e w a s th e p o s s e s s o r o f th e A c a d e m y ’s
sm a ll an d la rg e g o ld m ed a ls. B y h is w o r k in c o n n e c tio n w ith
th e G reat N o r th e r n E x h ib itio n o f C o p e n h a g e n in 1888, h e h ad
w o n th e a p p recia tio n b o th o f th e p r o fe ssio n a ls w h o ad m ired h is
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