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stru ctu r es in w o o d , an d th e g reater p u b lic , w h o e n jo y e d h is
liv e ly an d rich ly co lo u red c o m p o sitio n . It m a y b e m e n tio n ed
th at th e se b u d d in g s w e r e erected on th e v e r y g ro u n d w h e r e later
th e n e w C ity H a ll w a s to b e ra ised (F ig. 54). In th e final co m p eti-
tio n , th o u g h M artin N y r o p did n o t a c h ie v e th e h ig h e st a w a rd , h e
w o n th e first prize, an d it w a s d ecid ed th a t th e artist sh o u ld p re-
pare a fresh d esig n (F ig. 44. 45. 55. 56). T h is w a s co m p leted in
1892, an d th e M u n icip a l C o u n c il, in J u ly o f th e sa m e y ea r, en -
tru sted N y r o p w ith th e er ectin g o f th e n e w C ity H a ll, at a c o st
o f a b o u t th ree an d a h a lf m illio n c r o w n s , a lm o st o n e m illio n
c r o w n s m ore th an o rig in a lly estim a ted .
N y r o p ’s c h ie f a ss is tin g a rch itect w a s M r. E m il J o r g e n se n . Mr.
A m b t, at th a t tim e C ity en g in eer, c o n d u c te d th e m e ch a n ica l
c o n stru ctio n .
O n D e c e m b e r th e 10,1892, th e first so d w a s tu rn ed , an d b y J u n e
th e 2 is t th e fo llo w in g y ea r, th e e x c a v a tin g w o r k w a s fin ish ed .
N o v e m b e r 22th th e fo u n d a tio n s w e r e c o m p le te d , an d J u ly 28,
1894, th e fo u n d a tio n s to n e w a s laid in th e lo w e s t cella r b en ea th
th e to w e r. In th e su m m er o f 1898 th e fra m ew o rk o f th e sp ire of
th e to w e r w a s erected , b u t it w a s n o t b efo re J a n u a ry 1899 th at
th e co p p er c o v e r in g w a s laid an d th e sca ffo ld in g ta k en d o w n . It
is th e h ig h e st to w e r in D e n m a r k , an d from th e fo o tp a th to th e
v a n e is 105,61 m ., o f w h ic h 67,32 m. is m a so n ry . T h e to w e r h a s
a c o n c r e te fo u n d a tio n 4,55 m. th ick o f w h ic h th e u p p er la y er is
3,14 m. th ick . T h e g r o ss w e ig h t o f th e to w e r is g iv e n a s 5,285,000
kg. T h e th ic k n e ss o f th e w a lls at th e b a se is 2,35 m., an d at th e
co r n ice 1,18 m. In sid e th e to w e r is th e „ T o w s m e n ’s S ta ir c a se “
w h ic h le a d s to th e p rin cip al flo o rs b o th o f th e fro n t-b u ild in g an d
th e b a c k -b u ild in g (F ig. 80-87. 9°* 9 0 j a lso th e m e ch a n ism o f th e
e le c tr ic c lo c k w o r k w h ic h C ontrols th e fou r d ials, a s w e ll a s th e
fiv e b e lis w h ic h p la y after th e q u arters an d at 6 an d 12 o ’c lo ck
(F ig. 86. 88).
S ep a ra ted from th e C ity H a ll b y a sh o rt Street is a sm a ll
grou p o f b u d d in g s, c o n ta in in g th e b o ile r -h o u se from w h ic h th e
C ity H a ll is h ea ted . T h e w h o le stru ctu re w a s rea d y for o c -
cu p a tio n in th e a u tu m n o f 1899 (F ig. 104-109). A s ea rly h o w e v e r
a s 1896 th e C ity H a ll w a s roofed . b u t it w a s n o t b efo re 1900 an d
1901 th at th e v a r io u s m u n icip a l d ep a rtm en ts en tered in to p o s-
s e s s io n o f th eir r e sp e c tiv e q u arters, an d it w a s in J a n u a ry 1903
th at th e C ity C o rp o ra tio n g a th ered for th e first tim e in th e A s -
se m b ly H a ll in th e C en tral B u ild in g .
O n th e co m p letio n o f th e B a n q u e tin g H a ll, S ep t. 12, 1905, th e
C ity o f C o p e n h a g e n in a u g u ra ted its n e w C ity H a ll w ith a gran d
fe stiv ity . W h e n th e a u d it o f th e v a r io u s e x p e n d itu r e s w a s m ad e,
it w a s fou n d th at th e w h o le p roject from its in c e p tio n to th e
c o m p le tio n o f th e stru ctu re a m o u n ted to a gran d to ta l o f 6,804,352
C r o w n s (£ 378,000). In th is a m o u n t is, h o w e v e r , in c lu d e d th e c o st
o f th e site, a m o u n tin g to a b o u t o n e m illio n C r o w n s, an d a lso th e
la y in g o u t an d a rra n g em en t o f th e su r r o u n d in g s, at a c o st o f a b o u t
825,000 C ro w n s. In th e o rigin al sc h e m e it w a s laid d o w n a s a c o n -
d ition , th a t th e a rch itect sh o u ld a lso in c lu d e th e su rro u n d in g s
o f th e b u ild in g in th e d esig n .
B e y o n d th e sm a ll p la ce im m e d ia te ly in fron t o f th e C ity H a ll,
N y r o p h a s co n tr iv e d a d e p r e ssio n w ith a figu red p a v em e n t, th e
so -c a lle d „ M u s s e l-s h e ll“, in ord er to c o n c e a l th e faet th at th e
Space in front o f th e C ity H a ll s lo p e s slig h tly to w a r d s th e b u ild -
in g (F ig. 224. 225. 273. 274).
O n th e S o u th w e st sid e o f th e b u ild in g is a g ard en , laid o u t b y
Mr. E d v . G iæ se l, e n c lo se d o n th ree sid e s b y a h igh railin g, w ith
co rn er p a v ilio n s. In th e p la ce b e tw e e n th e M u sse l-sh e ll p a v e -
m en t an d th e g a r d e n , on th e n o rth w e s t sid e o f th e g ard en ,
sta n d s th e „ D ra g o n F o u n ta in “, e x e c u te d in b ro n ze from m o d e ls
b y T h o r w a ld B in d e sb o ll an d J o a k im S k o v g a a r d (F ig. 162-169).
If th e c o st o f th e su rro u n d in g s, n o t e sse n tia lly a part o f th e b u ild -
in g itself, is d ed u c ted from th e to ta l, th e c o n str u c tio n an d fur-
n ish in g o f th e C ity H a ll w ill h a v e c o st a b o u t 4,700,000 C r o w n s
(i* 250,000). A m o n g N y r o p ’s a rtistic c o lle a g u e s m u st b e m e n -
tio n e d A n d e r s B u n d g a a rd , scu lp to r, w h o h a s e x e c u te d th e g re a -
ter part o f th e g ra n ite p la stic w o r k (F ig. 68-72. 82. 84. 119. 126.
175. 177. 179. 190. 191. 227. 237. 239. 282-83), an d J e n s M o ller-J en sen ,
O rn a m en ta l D eco ra to r. w h o h a s d irected th e a rtistic o rn a m en ta -
tio n o f th e corrid ors etc., th e m o tiv e s o f w h ic h are m o stly ta k en
from se a -p la n ts, an d th e lo w e r fau n a, an d are e x e c u te d in w a te r -
c o lo u r s on dry p la ster (a l s e c c o ) (F ig. 142-149).
W h e n N y r o p ’s fin al d esig n w a s su b m itted for co n sid e r a -
tio n b efore th e M u n icip a l C o u n cil, o b jectio n w a s raised th at th e
d esig n did n o t co n fo rm to a n y o n e h isto rica l sty le , — w h ic h w a s
in d e e d true. T h e te n d e n c y h ad b een to d em a n d o f re cen t an d
co n tem p o ra ry a rch itectu re in D en m a rk , a co n fo rm ity w ith o n e
or a n o th er o f th e a c c e p te d tra d itio n a l sty le s. In N y r o p ’s w o r k th e
in flu e n c e o f N o r th Italian G o th ic w a s d isc ern ib le , an d th e h a lf
sto r y w ith th e sem i-circu la r p erfo ra tio n s o n th e fron t b u ild in g , is a
m o tiv e th e artist h a s a d a p ted from a grou p o f i6 th ce n tu r y D a n ish
m a n o r h o u se s, w h ils t th e lin e o f W in d o w s to th e p rin cip al floor
b ea rs th e im p r e ss o f N o r th e r n R e n a issa n c e . T h u s th e sty le la ck ed
th e u n itie s o f tim e an d p la ce, b u t, a s w a s rem ark ed b y a c o lle a g u e
o f N y r o p d u rin g th e c o u r se o f th e d isc u ssio n in th e C ity C o u n cil,
N y r o p had o b se r v e d e v e r y th in g , an d h ad a d a p ted w h a t w a s e s-
se n tia l to h is p u rp o se, y e t h ad a v o id e d p lagiarism . H e h ad su c -
c e e d e d in a m a lg a m a tin g h is v a r io u s im p r e ssio n s so a s at len g th
to p ro d u ce a d e sig n sta m p ed b y p er so n a lity , an d o f an in d iv id u a l
ch aracter, y e t in a c c o r d a n c e w ith th e a rtist’s c o n c e p tio n o f a civ ic
b u ild in g , b efittin g th e C ap ital C ity o f D en m ark .
T h e g ro u n d -p la n is a r e c ta n g le , w h o s e larger sid e s m ea su re
127,11 m. T h e front e le v a tio n h a s a len g th o f 71,24 m.. an d th e
b a ck e le v a tio n 70,77 m. T h e m a in -b u ild in g , c o n s is ts o f a fa ca d e
« a n d tw o w in g s , an d to g e th e r w ith th e cen tra l b u ild in g e n c lo s e s
th e c o v e r e d c o u r t, k n o w n a s th e C o u n cil H a ll (F ig. 223-40. 280).
T h e d ep a rtm en ta l o ffic es are situ a ted on th e g ro u n d an d first
floors. O n th e first floor, to o n e sid e o f th e m ain en tra n ce, are
situ a ted th e o ffic es o f th e M a y o r o f th e first d iv isio n an d h is
c o u n c illo r s, co n tr o llin g th e ed u ca tio n a l an d sta tistic a l d ep a rt-
m en ts; on th e o th er sid e are situ a ted th e o ffic es o f th e m a y o r o f
th e se c o n d d iv isio n an d h is c o u n c illo r s c o n tr o llin g th e C ity ’s
fin a n c e s (F ig. 230-32). O n th e se c o n d , th e p rin cip al floor, are
situ a ted th e ce rem o n ia l a p a rtm en ts, an d a lso th e lo b b ie s an d
o ffic es o f th e e le c te d ch airm an o f th e C ity C o u n cil an d th e S ta te ’s
su p r em e r e p r e se n ta tiv e (F ig. 250-78). T h e rear b u ild in g c o n s is ts
o f a facad e an d tw o w in g s, w h ic h , to g e th e r w ith th e cen tral b u ild -
in g , e n c lo s e th e o p en , p la n ted C ou rt, to w h ic h th ere is en try b y
a ca rria g e-d riv e th ro u g h a g a te in ea ch w in g (F ig. 171-78. 281).
A s th e g ro u n d o n w h ic h th e b u ild in g sta n d s s lo p e s d o w n w a r d
from th e fron t to th e b ack , th e sto r y in th e rear b u ild in g , co rres-
p o n d in g to th e b a se m e n t o f th e fron t b u ild in g , b e c o m e s th e
g ro u n d floor, an d is d e sig n e d for o ffices etc. T h e rear b u ild in g
is th e b u s in e s s sid e p rop er, an d h ere are fou n d m o st o f th e m u n i-
cip al o ffic es o f th e m a y o r o f th e third d iv isio n an d h is c o u n c il-
lo rs, c o n tr o llin g th e relief o f th e p oor, a lso th e m a y o r o f th e
fou rth d iv is io n , th e „ te ch n ica l m a y o r “ an d h is c o u n c illo r s (F ig.
130-60). T h e c e ilin g s o f all th e o ffic es are o f m a so n ry , sm o o th ,
an d b a rre l-v a u lte d , w h ils t th e flo o rs are eith er laid w ith b o a rd s
or w ith c o n c r e te ; all are lin o le u m co v e red .
In th e b a se m e n t, g r o u n d -flo o r an d first-flo o r o f th e C en tral
b u ild in g are th e ro o m s w h e r e are p re se r v e d th e m u n icip a l ar-
c h iv e s an d a m u se u m (F ig. 243-44). O n th e se c o n d floor, o n a
le v e l w ith th e fron t b u ild in g ’s cerem o n ia l a p a rtm en ts, is th e C ity
C o u n c il’s eh a m b er, w h e r e th e C o u n cil an d th e M a g istra cy a s-
se m b le for th e p u b lic tr a n sa ctio n o f m u n icip a l b u sin e ss. W ith
carefu l c o n sid e r a tio n th is eh a m b er, is situ a ted in th e v e r y h eart
o f th e b u ild in g , a b o v e th e a r c h iv e s an d th e m u seu m h all: th e
liv in g p r e se n t a b o v e th e d ead p a st (F ig. 210-21). T h e W in d o w s
lo o k o u t o n th e C o u n cil h all, an d o n th e o p en co u rt w ith th e
b u s in e s s part o f th e b u ild in g.
In th e lo w e s t cella r is in sta lle d th e h ea tin g sy ste m . F rom th e
b o ile r -h o u se th e stea m is c o n d u c te d th ro u g h a w r o u g h t-ir o n m ain ,
em b ed d ed in a c o n c r e te tu n n e l, to th e cella r u n d er th e m id d le o f th e
rear b u ild in g (F ig. 125). T h e h ea tin g o f a lm o st all th e a p a rtm en ts
is effeeted b y m e a n s o f h ea ted air. D u rin g th e w in ter , fresh air is
a d m itted to th e rear b u ild in g th ro u g h tw o a ir-sh a fts situ a ted at
th e co r n e rs o f th e o p en co u rt; d u rin g th e su m m er, air can lik e-
w is e b e a d m itted th ro u g h fou r o th er sh a fts in th e co u rt an d tw o
in th e Street at th e b a ck o f th e C ity H all. F r e sh air for th e fron t
b u ild in g an d th e cen tra l b u ild in g is a d m itted th ro u g h a sh a ft in
th e o p en cou rt, b y th e sid e o f th e cen tra l b u ild in g.
T h e fa ca d es o f th e C ity H a ll are b u ilt o f red h a n d m a d e b rick ,
a s w e ll a s th e sid e s lo o k in g u p o n th e o p en cou rt, lim e sto n e from
S tæ v n s b e in g e m p lo y e d for th e flat su rfa ces, an d ca rv ed g ra n ite
from B o r n h o lm for th e p lin th s, c o r n ic e s, c o r b e ls etc. T h e ro o fin g
is sla te, co p p er, an d g la ss; co p p er is a lso u se d for th e g u tters, th e
sp ir e s on th e grea t to w e r , a n d th e fiv e sm a ller to w e r s, an d for
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