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50
gifva en naturligare förklaring, än om vi antaga dem vara relikter
från ett mera sammanhängande utbredningsområde under en tid
med gynnsammare klimat. Förekomsten af Stipa pennata i
Västergötland, där den enligt Sernander (1908) förr var mycket utbredd
inom ett inskränkt område, representerar en liknande svärm.
C HAN GES OF REGIONS IN DALARNE.
SUMMARY.
The largesl part of Dalarne belongs to the Scandinavian
pine-forest-region, only the most southerly part to the oak-region and
the most northerly and highest parts to the alpine region.
I. SOUTHERN PLANTS IN THE PINE-FOREST-REGION.
The southern plants of the pine-forest-region of Dalarne are to
be found in t wo tvpes of associations, l:st of closed and 2:nd of open
vegetation.
In two kinds of natural associations of a closed vegetation
southern plants are rather numerous. The one is a
spruce-forest-societv, the other a deciduous-forest-society, both characterized by
gro ve-vegetation.
In the highest parts of the Scandinavian pine-forest-region a type
of spruce-forest is inet with, viz. the spruce-grove, whieh is
characterized by a great number of herbs and grasses, particularly
Gera-nium silvaticum. Sometimes shrubs also occur there. Ön p. 2 an
example of a very luxuriant spruce-grove in Älfdalen is given. From
other places some other species are mentioned, too (p. 3). .Ajuga
pyramidalis, Anemone hepatica. Betala oilorata. Platanthera bifolia,
Viola mirabilis and riviniana arc southern, Alchemilla glomerulans
and Mulyedium alpinum are northern species. The undergrowth of
the spruce-grove is, according to the author s opinion, to a great
extent a relict-society from the time before the immigration of the
spruce. It is known, that during a period of the postglacial time
some deciduous trees, particularly the hazel, had a much wider
distribution in the southern part of the Scandinavian
pine-forest-region than to-day. The greatest part of these deciduous trees
must have existed, where the spruce-groves are now growing.
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