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51
Grove-delis are verv common in Dalarne. Very typical
grove-delis have been examined by Ibe author ön the slopes towards the
river Ljusterån near the small town of Säter. Alnus incana is here
the most common tree. Ön p. 5. some species found tbere are
men-lioned. Where streams run through a pine-forest, they are
bor-dered by a narrow grove-dell-association. Grove-delis of this kind
are described by Andersson and Hesselman from the crown-forest
of Hamra in Dalarne. Of great interest is a grove-dell near
Johannisholm in Vänjan, where K. P. Hägerström has found e. g.
Alnus glutinosa, Lonicera xylosteum and Tilia ulmifolia. Both
north-ern and southern species usually occur in the grove-delis. In
several districts of southern Norrland the elm (Ulmus montana) and
other southern plants also occur in grove-delis.
Man has modilied the spruce-groves and the grove-delis by removing
the trees and by yearlv mowing. By this the birch and other
deciduous trees grow möre common. In this way birch-meadows
are formed. The most typical birch-meadows occur ön somewhat
damp slopes. They physiognomically come very near to the
wood-meadows of the oak-region. But these are natural associations and
are characterized by some southern deciduous trees, e. g. the oak,
the ash, the maple, the liine, the elm, the hazel etc., which do not
occur in the birch-meadows of central Dalarne. Two kinds of
birch-meadows occur there, viz. the birch-slopes and the damp
birch-meadows.
Birch-slopes near Säter are described ön p. 10. They have
deve-loped from grove-delis. Most of the plants mentioned are southern
species. In central Dalarne the most luxuriant birch-slopes occur ön
the silurian rocks in the district of the lake Siljan. Two
examp-les from the parishes of Böda and Ore are given ön pp. 10 and
11. A very great number of species are characteristic of the
birch-slopes. None is particularly predominant, but the most
characteristic plant is Geranium silvaticum. In the silurian district of
Siljan 135 species are found. In Älfdalen (northern Dalarne) some other
plants occur (p. 12).
The damp birch-meadows occur ön a somewhat peaty ground.
Two examples are given, the one from Ore (in the silurian district),
ön p. 13, the other from Älfdalen, ön p. 14. 25 species, which have
not been found ön the birch-slopes, are menlioned.
Ön [). 15 a list of the plants of the birch-meadows, which are
characterized by a generally southern distribution, is given. Several
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