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THE CULTIVATION OF CEREALS. 529
Table 68. Crops by hectare in different countries, in 1886I95.1
Country. Total cereal crops.’ Crops in quintals by hectare.8 [-Potatoes.-] {+Pota- toes.+} Quintals per hectare.
Thousands ot hectares. Crops. Thousands of quintals. [-Quintals-] {+Quin- tals+} per beet. Wheat. Rye. Barley. Oats.
Great Brit, and Irel.s 3,615 65,161 1808 2009 15-80 18-96 1652 114-7
Belgium.................. 817 14,682 1797 18-46 16-80 2108 18-81 152-6
Netherlands............ 445 7,705 1731 18-67 14 88 23-88 18-88 110-7
Denmark................ 1,050 16,346 15-67 25-22 1608 16-81 1353 81-7
German Empire........ 13,751 193,361 1406 15-68 12-61 15-96 14-48 104-7
Sweden................... 1,481 20,424 1379 14-82 I486 14-71 13-20 85-7
United States».......... 58,175 696,189 11-97 8-68 796 1266 9-86 44-7
Hungary.................. 8,921 104,618 11-78 12-42 1017 10-77 899 58-8
West Austria........... 4,085 46,714 11*44 1218 11-26 12-52 1017 74-4
France.................... 13,798 157,590 11-42 11-92 10-65 11-67 10-68 78-6
Finland4.................. 642 6,691 10-42 11-88 10-66 9-66 10-50 92-5
Roumania 6............... 4,129 40,062 9-70 10-65 9-65 9-51 7-58 500
Italv....................... 7,346 58,704 7-99 7-40 7-51 608 6-47 392
Spain7.................... 5,800 46,348 799 7-70 700 800 700 750
Galicia-Bukowlna..... 2,388 18,694 7-88 8-54 7-14 8-51 6-81 86-8
Russia*................... 63,184 394,436 6-24 5-57 6-41 679 6-22 520
Western Europe........ 54,400 649,991 11-95 11-20 11-89 1305 12-77 95-8
Eastern Europe........ 84,745 610,515 7-20 7-86 664 778 645 55-6
Europe.................... 139,145 1,260,506 906 919 806 1009 919 80-7
If, possibly, the progress marked above seems to be a less
important one as the result of almost a century’s work, it must be remembered
that the area of arable land has been trebled during that time, and
that thus large tracts have been brought under the plough, which,
in point of original quality, could not compare with the land having
been long under cultivation.
The crops vary very much per hectare in the different parts of
Sweden. As regards barley, this is shown by the map on page 536, and
for all the principal kinds of cereal, by Table 69. Striking about this is
the extraordinarily favourable position presented by the Läns of
Kopparberg and Gefleborg, in spite of their somewhat northerly position.
The explanation of this, at least for the Län first named, lies in the
fact that there the ground is parceled out into smaller lots than
anywhere else in the kingdom, and that the small farms, in consequence,
amongst other things, of a rich supply of manure, are cultivated with
a care which can scarcely be matched anywhere in Sweden but in Skåne.
On the whole, however, it is the Län of Malmöhus which gives the
richest harvests, as is quite natural, too. K the figures for this Län be
compared with the average figures for some Western European lands,
1 The figures for the different cereals are usually arithmetical media of the relative
figures for the ten years. — ’ Wheat, spelt, rye, barley, oats, Indian corn. — 3 Crop of rye
per hectare only evaluated. — * Area only calculated. — 5 Approximate figures. — 9 The
comparative high figure as regards the yield per hectare of the total cereal crop (1197
quintals) is due to the Indian corn, which yields 1479 quintals per hectare. — 7 Quite
uncertain figures. — 8 A quintal per hectare = 0 8 cwts. per acre.
Sweden. 34
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