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HYDROGRAPHY.
■i 25
b. those of Centred Norrland — the Ångermanälven, the Fjällsjöälv, the
Faxeälven, and the Indalsälven (the Indalsälven at Bomsund);
e. the rivers of South Norrland, the Ljungan and Ljusnan (the
Ljusnan at Edänge);
d. the mountain-rivers of Central Sweden, the Dalälven and the
Klarälven (the Dalälven at Älvkarleö; the Klarälven at Dejefors).
B. The forest- and littoral rivers of Northern Sweden, comprising
all the streams of Norrland, with the exception of the mountain-rivers, but
including a large number of the tributaries of the last-mentioned class
of rivers, and the rivers of Värmland and the Bergslagen (the mining
district of Central Sweden), all of which latter belong to the basins of
Lake Vänern and Mälaren. The rivers in question, like those in Group A.
can be divided into the following sub-groups:
a. rivers of North Norrland (the Byskeälv at Myrheden);
b. rivers of Central Norrland (the Gideälv at Björna);
c. rivers of South Norrland (the Delångersån at Näsviken);
d. rivers of Central Sweden (the Gullspångsälfven at Kortfors and
Åtorp; the Södra Barken at Senila).
C) The rivers of the lowlands of Central Sweden, comprising the
streams draining the plains of Uppland, Närke, Södermanland,
Östergötland, and Västergötland. From their position east or west of the principal
water-parting they can be divided into:
a. eastern rivers (the Fyrisån at Uppsala; the Nyköpingsån at
Nyköping) ;
b. ivestern rivers.
D. The Rivers of the Småland Highlands, comprising all the
remaining streams of the south of Sweden (with the exception of those of
Skåne), which, as a rule, rise in the Småland Highlands or their outliers.
In accordance with the principle adopted för Group C, these rivers can
be divided into the following sub-groups:
a. eastern (the Emån at Järnforsen; the Helgeån at Hönjebro and
Kristianstad);
b. western (the River Nissan at Johansfors; the Mjörn at Skår).
E. The rivers of Skåne.
F. The great lakes, Hjälmaren, Mälaren, Vättern and Vänern, with
their discharge-rivers (the Norrström at Stockholm; the Motalaström at
Motala; the Götaälv at Trollhättan).
The annual variations in the discharges of the rivers of Sweden are
extremely conspicuous, the most prominent factor of this phenomenon being
the melting of the snow which has accumulated during the winter. Very
naturally, there is a great difference in this respect between the northern
and the southern parts of the country. As a rule, however, the annual
variations in the water-level are marked b3’ one or more high-water periods
occurring in the spring with, very often, a secondary high-water during
the autumn in connection with diminished evaporation and the secondary
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