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412
iv. education and mental cultulle.
to the Faculty of Theology, 15 to that of Law, 52 to that of Medicine, 39 to
the Humanistic Section of the Philosophical Faculty, and 28 to its Scientific
Section. Out of the total number of professors 69 were at Uppsala, 55 at Lund,
and 24 at the Karolinska Institutet.
The salary of professors is 7 500 kronor with an increment (älderstillägg) of
600 kronor after 5 years; for demonstrators at the Medical Faculty of Uppsala
and certain demonstrators at the Karolinska Institutet 5 600 kronor with an
increment of 500 kronor after 5 and 10 years; for other demonstrators at
Uppsala and Lund and the astronomers 4 500 kronor with an increment of 500
kronor after 5 and 10 years; for other demonstrators at the Karolinska Institutet
4 000 kronor. The docents have no fixed salary; however there are a number
of docentstipendier, or "docent fellowships" of 2 500 and 2 000 kronor (28 + 5
at Uppsala, 23 + 5 at Lund), which are awarded by the Chancellor according to
merit for a term of three years, which may be prolonged. The lectors in
modern languages have a salary of 3 000 kronor a year.
The professors and other permanent teachers are entitled to a pension after
the age of 65. The amount of the pension depends on the amount of the salary
and the number of years of service. The highest pension for a professor is
5 600 kronor. The widow and children of a professor and other university
officials receive a pension from a special pension fund, to which all those on
the university staff contribute a yearly quota.
The academical year (läsåret) is counted from the 1st September and is
divided into the autumn term (hösttermin), from the 1st September to the 16th
December, and the spring term (vårtermin), from the 15th January to the 1st June.
A professor is in most cases under obligation to hold public lectures in his
branch one hour four times a week. All public teaching, whether in the form
of lectures or seminarium work is free of cost. Private teaching on the other
hand, such as the kollegier, or "coaching lectures", of the docents, is remunerated.
The normal term of study allotted in the Examination Statutes for the
teologisk kandidatexamen together with the preparatory teologisk-filosofisk examen is
7 terms, for the juridisk kandidatexamen 9 terms, for the filosofisk
kandidatexamen 5 terms and for the filosofisk ämbetsexamen (civil service examination)
7 terms. For the medicine kandidatexamen and licentiatexamen no normal
period of study is assigned. The actual period of study, which until quite
recently was far too long, has of låte years, by dint of a reform in the
organization of university instruction, been considerably reduced. None the less,
in many cases apparently, it exceeds the normal periods given above.
The Students. In order to matriculate at one of the State universities,
one must have passed the studentexamen (taken as a rule while still at
school).
Every student is obliged to belong to one of the unions called
nationsföreningar, or simply nation, or landskap (lit. province) into which the students
are grouped, according to the part of the country from which they come: the
object of these unions being to encourage hard study and pure morals, as well
as the rendering of mutual aid. At Uppsala there are 13 and at Lund 12 of
these nation societies, each under the control of an inspector chosen by the
society among the professors of the university. At Uppsala these unions have
as a rule their own club premises, and dispose of pretty large funds; at Lund
there is one club-house common to all the "nations", that of the Akademiska
Föreningen. These unions have played an important role in the life of the students
both in its serious and in its more convivial aspects. The distinctive feature of
the students’ dress is the white cap (vita mössan), known abroad from the tours
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