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Table i. Sea-waters.
At Date. Lat. Long. E. Green Depth in metres. Spec. gravity (found). Tempera- ture. C. Cl CaO MgO S03 Ka.20 Na¿0
I 20 Aug. 1878 77° 40 105’ 10’ 128 I.0274 — I °.2 IOO 2.97 II.32 II.70 2-59 74.99
2 6-7Sept. » 7°° 14’ I70017 22 I.0242 — 1°.2 IOO 3.01 11.60 II.49 2.6o 73-53
3 25 Aug. » 73° 59’ 1 IS 12 I I I.OI51 + 2°.6 100 3.00 11.60 II.71 2.48 73-40
4 31 « 73° 05’ 144° 20’ 7 I.OI 10 + i°.8 IOO 3-14 11.44 II.S9 2.48 74-38
Tabl e 2. Brines
.Y» Date. Physical conditions of the sample etc. Spec. gravity (found). Tempera- ture. C. Cl Ca 0 MgO so3 KajO Na20
5 2 March 1879 liquid brine 1.1259 -3°1? IOO 3-52 14.52 1.14 2.11 62.32
6 » s> » 1 brine separated | ! from crystals > 1 (snow?) ) 1-1749 sM IOO 4.4S 19.80 1.67 1.87 58.84
This shows, that the brine, which is eliminated from newly
formed sea-ice, can not be regarded as concentrated sea-water,
since it has a totally different chemical composition. The freezing
of sea-water consequently must involve some chemical process,
which alters the proportions of its constituents. I deemed it
necessary to study the proportions of some of the chemical
components of the sea-ice, in order to get a clearer idea of
this matter. Unhappily for my purpose, the Vega-expedition
had not brought home any samples of melted ice. I
therefore tested several specimens of sea-ice from Ivattegatt, the
Baltic and from Spitzbergen. 1
’ After a consultation with Prof. Nordenskiôld I resolved to ask
permission of the government to accompany the Swedish meteorological
expedition of last year to Spitzbergen. Being commissioned by the R.
Academy of Sciences, I visited the coast of Spitzbergen in July and August
last year on board of H. M5 ship Urd and, thanks to the kind aid of the
commander of the expedition, Captain Palander af Vega, was able to
procure ample specimens of arctic ice of different origin. My experiments
with this material being far from terminated, I can here give only a part
of the results concerning the chemical constitution of sea-ice.
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