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Date. The sample was taken » ceutim: from the surface of the ice-floe. Ice-floe foimed by freezing of the aea-water during the winter. Physical conditions of the sample, etc. Cl in grammes. O* *<
June 1 one side Samples from a block of ice, which 0.060 v
the midst had been left standing on the deck 0.062 v
the other of the Vega from 1" of March until
side 1" of June, when it partly melted. 0.045 v
Febr. 28 the top Ice-sample taken from a toross, which 0.035
» > had been formed of newly frozen ice 0.063
the surface by the screwing of the pack-ice in 0.069
November to a height of 6—7 metres
From these and similar observations Nordenskiöld
drew the conclusions:
that the saltness is greatest in the upper layers of the
ice-floes and gradually changes its place, from the inner part
of the ice, until it reaches the surface;
that the rise of temperature in spring or summer is the
chief cause of this metamorphosis.
It can hardly be denied, that the saltness somehow or
other has the power of penetrating through the mass of the
ice to its surface, and that this is effected, not by any
contraction of the mass of the ice by cold, but by the thawing
process, which, as wre have seen before, commences in the
sea-ice far below its melting point. Therefore the age of the
sea-ice has a decided influence on its chemical constitution.
This will be seen more clearly from the following titrations
on ice-samples from old sea-ice.
Old sea-ice.
Date. Locality. Physical conditions of the sample, etc. Cl in grammes. titr. by
1878 Oct. 1 Pitlekaj Sample from a foundered ice-floe ... 0.0068 v
» 16 » » of green ice 0.0012 v
» 18 » » blue » I . ,, , dnrt-ice » » blue » I 0.0016 v
» 18 » 0.0010 v
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