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Date. Locality. Physical conditions of the sample, etc. Cl in grammes. cr
March 5 Pitlekaj Drinking water obtained from a great
blue ice-block 0.0025 v
» » » D:o from old blue ice 0.0319 v
0.0193 Y
1880 The Baltic Collected outside the harbour of Wisby 0.0140 L
1882 July Danes Gat Spitzbergen J Old bay-ice | 0.0146 0.0145 E E
» Cloven cliff Spitzbergen | Ice from the polar drift-current... J 0.0020 0.0019 E E
» Magd. Bay Spitzbergen J Glacier ice floating upon the sea J 0.0014 0.0014 E E
The Icefiord * T’l 1 1 l):o » » » ’ | 0.0010 E
Spitzbergen 0.0010 E
Most of the above samples are representatives of the last
stage of the metamorphosis of the sea-ice. Ice of this kind
shows, according to the analyses in table 2, of this chapter,
quite another proportion between its chemical constituents
than sea-water. The amount of sulphates has increased
enormously in proportion to the chlorides. Therefore we must
conclude, that sulphates of sodium and calcium will be carried
far away from the arctic ocean by the drift-ice. This fact
gives us the clue to the observations already mentioned, that
the percentage of sulphuric acid in the sea-water is slightly
variable. By Forchammer and recently by Mr. Schmelck,1
hydrographer of the Norwegian expedition 1876—78, it was
ascertained, that the maximum amount of sulphuric acid in
the sea between Greenland and Norway is found south of the
polar circle. 2 To this fact we must also attribute the
observations of Mr. Schmelck and of Prof. Ekman, that the per-
1 Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne 1879. It is very remarkable,
that Schmelck did not find any increase of the percentage of S03 in that
part of the sea crossed by the great ice-current at the eastern coast of
Greenland. This shows, that the sea-ice does not part with its sulphates
before it is entirely liquefied.
- In this part of the ocean, which is swept by the Gulf-stream, the last
products of the original decomposition of the arctic sea-water by freezing
can still be discovered by chemical analysis, although these traces most
probably have twice crossed the Atlantic.
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