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1) because the heat, which passes over from T to T’ is latent,
and
2) because its influence is localized to those parts of the ocean,
where the arctic current pours its iee-masses into the warm
stream.
It has long since attracted the attention of hydrographers,
that the Gulf-stream increases considerably after every
combat with the arctic current, although the temperature of
its water diminishes. According to Mr. Findlay1 and Dr.
Carpenter- the original stream from the Gulf of Mexico
and the Florida strait can hardly be recognized in the great
Atlantic current, which sweeps the coasts of Europe. A glance
at the maps in the Geogr. Mitth. of Petermann representing
the Gulf-stream in summer and winter convinces us at once of
the remarkable influence of the seasons upon its course. In
winter, when the supply of cold water from the arctic current
is reduced to its minimum, the water of the Gulf-stream is
limited to a narrower space than in summer. C old in g 3 has
called special attention to the fact, that the Gulf-stream takes
a more northerly direction, whenever the influence of the
arctic current diminishes. Thus it may be possible, that it
reaches farther to the East in winter, when it is unimpaired
by the arctic ice-masses, than in summer. This would be the
only plausible explanation of the observations cited by
Mid-dendorff4 and Petermann,5 according to which the winter
climate of the northern part of Novaya Zemlya and the
Tai-mur peninsula is milder than that of Siberia. For, as I
intend to show in the next paper from the observations of
the Vega-expedition, there is scarcely to be found, from a
hydrographic point of view, any direct signs of the influence
of the warm water of the Gulf-stream upon the sea north of
the Taimur peninsula and Cape Tcheljuskin in summer time.
1 Proceed. R. G. S. XIII.
2 Ocean circulation, Contemp. Review, 187-3.
3 1. c.
4 Der Golfstrom, Geogr. Mitth. 1870.
5 Der Golfstrom ostwärts vom Nordkap, Geogr. Mitth. 1871.
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