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Introductory remarks.
During the voyage of the Vega along the Siberian coast
great attention was paid to the hydrographic constitution of
the sea. Beside the regular observations at midnight, 4 & 8
a.m., noon, 4 & 8 p.m., of the temperature and density of the
water at the surface, which are registered in the meteorological
journal, a serial deep-sounding was made at least once a day
by means of the isolating apparatus invented by Professor F.
L. Ekman. This instrument is too well known by professional
experimenters and students of hydrography to need any
description here. For a shallow sea, like the Siberian (the depth
of which nowhere exceeds 200 metres), with very variable
water-strata, it is indeed unequalled. Immediately after the
isolated capsule, containing a sample of water from a certain
depth had been hauled on board, the temperature of the water
was determined with a thermometer 1 and its density with an
areometer manufactured by Aderman.
Lieutenant G. Bove of the R. Italian Navy had the
management of the hydrographic operations during the expedition.
I have calculated the following results from his annotations
in the hydrographic journal of the Vega.
The observations are regularly registered in the journal
from the departure of the Vega from Yugor Schar, the southern
entrance to the Kara Sea, on the 1st August, 1878, until the
arrival at Ivoljutchin bay on the 23rd Sept., about 119’ from
the Behring’ strait. During the winter some observations
concerning the temperature of the sea-water, the thickness of
the ice etc... were made by various members of the
expedition. Some of these observations I have discussed in the.
preceding paper. The regular series of hydrographic annota-
1 This instrument is graduated in -¡10 of a centigrade, although 1 Ic,
can be easily estimated by the observer. It is of very elaborate
workmanship and possesses the remarkable advantage of an almost steady point of
zero, like most of the Aderman thermometers.
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